Rights of the accused during detention/Raha Sabet Sarvestani

The right to a fair trial is one of the most fundamental human rights and one of the most important guarantees for the protection of human dignity in contemporary legal systems. This right is not limited to the trial stage, but begins from the very first moments of deprivation of liberty. The experience of various […]...

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Society and National Security: Rethinking the Social Foundations of Security in Iran/ Mina Javani

In periods of heightened external threats, the concept of national security naturally becomes the focus of public policymaking. In such circumstances, the expansion of state authority, the strengthening of security institutions, and the restriction of certain civil liberties are often justified by invoking the “necessity of security.” This logic is based on the assumption that […]...

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Is it possible to live a good life in an unjust world? / Samira Hanaei

The world has once again become accustomed to war. Images of destruction, displacement and death flash before our eyes every day; so much so that we sometimes forget that behind every image, there was a human being. However, not all victims are seen equally. For some deaths, official ceremonies are held, the media writes about […]...

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Motherhood, under the burden of autism/Pardis Parsa

Early parent-child interactions form the foundation for a child’s psychosocial development in the context of society. However, exposure to a neurodevelopmental disorder in a child presents fundamental challenges to this cognitive structure and preconceived parenting goals. Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction, verbal and […]...

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How do women pay the highest price for economic crisis and war?/ Elahe Amani

War fundamentally transforms the labor market by destroying infrastructure, massive population displacement, collapsing economic activity, disrupting education and health systems, and rupturing social networks. Although the consequences of war affect all segments of society, its economic effects on women are deeper and more lasting, as women not only face reduced job opportunities, income, and economic […]...

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Minimum Standard for Treating Prisoners; A work by Motaharah Jafari

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Interview with Sara Yousefi, Disability Rights Activist, on Internet Shutdowns During Wartime/ Nafiseh Sharafaldini

In recent years, digital technologies, the internet, and AI-based tools have played an important role in increasing independence and accessibility for persons with disabilities. For many of these individuals, screen readers, navigation apps, online services, social networks, and smart tools are not merely conveniences, but essential tools for work, education, communication, and even carrying out […]...

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How Does International Law Assess the Legitimacy of Attacks on Dual-use infrastructure Targets?/ Maryam Abedi

Dual-use infrastructure is precisely the gray area of international humanitarian law; because it has neither an independent definition in treaties nor an absolute prohibition. Therefore, its definition must be sought within legal texts. In international law, the term “dual-use infrastructure” is not used directly, but its definition can be inferred from Article 52, paragraph 2, […]...

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The Dispute over Dual-Use Infrastructure in the Iran, Israel, and U.S. War/ Sonia Saadat

The patterns of conflict and strategic transformations in the international system over recent decades have undergone a fundamental metamorphosis that challenges the traditional concept of war. Modern conflicts are no longer limited to direct and classical confrontation between armed forces on front lines. In the contemporary era, technological advancement and societies’ deep structural dependence on […]...

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The City on the Battlefield: Human Shield or the Reality of Modern Societies?/ Hermineh Hourdad

In recent years, alongside the expansion of military conflicts in the Middle East, this question has repeatedly been raised: does the Islamic Republic of Iran deliberately use people as “human shields,” or is what we are witnessing the product of the complex structure of modern societies and the concentration of infrastructure in cities? This question […]...

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The Impact of War on the Elderly: From Vulnerability to Human Rights Violations/ Elahe Amani

Older persons in armed conflicts, much like children, face numerous and often overlooked forms of human rights violations; patterns in which age becomes a factor that intensifies vulnerability. Despite the extensive body of literature on the challenges faced by older persons, the 12-day war and its consequences, as well as the war that began on […]...

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In memory of the children who died at Minab School; a work by Motaharah Jafari

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