In contemporary criminal law systems, the crime of espionage has always been classified among the most serious offenses against national security, because it concerns attacks on the fundamental interests of the state and the disclosure of information that may endanger the country’s political, military, or diplomatic security. However, the gravity of this crime has never […]...

After the 12-day war between Iran and Israel, the number of cases related to espionage and cooperation with hostile states increased significantly. The atmosphere in the country after the war became highly securitized, and the government tried to show that a significant part of the damage and blows suffered had resulted from intelligence infiltration and […]...

The public atmosphere in Iran has become heavy and frightening in recent months with the news of the successive executions of individuals convicted of espionage. The term “espionage” is not a common term in public opinion, especially in times of war, external threat, or security crisis. This charge is linked to the security of the […]...

The discussion of espionage, cooperation with intelligence services of other countries or financing of violent acts are undoubtedly legitimate areas of criminal law intervention. No responsible legal system can be indifferent to real threats to the lives of citizens, territorial integrity, public security and critical infrastructure. But the problem begins when “national security” is transformed […]...

The law titled “Intensifying Punishment for Espionage and Cooperation with the Zionist Regime and Hostile Countries Against National Security and Interests” (approved by Parliament in Mehr 1404 and confirmed by the Guardian Council) is among the Islamic Republic’s recent security laws, prescribing heavy punishments such as execution and full confiscation of property for a wide […]...

Since the first nights of the war, the streets of Iranian cities have become the stage for a form of theatrical politics: gatherings, supported by the government, filled with lights, flags, anthems, and mowkebs, which seemed less a natural reflection of the social situation than an attempt to produce a uniform and coherent image of […]...

The outbreak of war between Iran, the United States, and Israel was the inevitable consequence of years of ideological adventurism and tension-generating state policies that have consistently prioritized political survival over the safety, welfare, and lives of citizens. This war once again stripped away the illusion of “security” — a claim that for years had […]...

Dove of peace In the bosom of poetry On a land that, instead of soil, It smells like gunpowder. After the rain of wishes I seek the shelter of your hands. Oh, boundless dove! Our tired earth He can’t stand the boots anymore. *** War The sun is shining. That our work and burden It’s […]...

One media activist has recounted a memory from the years of the sixties on social networks: “It was night, my cousin and I wanted to go from Khaniabad to Yousefabad, to our aunt’s house. I said: Hooshang, it’s a desert there, let’s take a little of this aragh too. He double-layered a freezer bag, poured […]...

What at first glance appears in the form of a “temporary marriage” can easily be interpreted within religious and legal frameworks; an agreement between two individuals that is also recognized within Iran’s legal system. But the issue becomes more complex when this relationship leaves the private sphere and enters public view. This shift is not […]...

The murder of a doctor in Yasuj and the widespread support for the perpetrator is an issue that, amid the significant crises and incidents of recent months, has gone largely overlooked. Although the act itself was deeply painful, the broad support for the murderer—even from official figures—revealed that we are facing a fundamental crisis. The […]...

In both narratives, there is a moment when time seems to stop—a moment when the individual or the family realizes they can no longer wait. In one case, a doctor loses his life at work; in the other, a child who should have been within the safest circle of life becomes the victim of profound […]...