Rapid Punishments and Executions in Wartime Conditions/ Hermineh Hourdad

To understand the mechanisms of power in the Islamic Republic, no point is as significant as execution, because in this system execution is not merely a judicial punishment, but a political instrument for producing fear, silencing dissent, and pushing society toward silence and marginalization. Each time the Islamic Republic has faced crisis, war, or instability, […]...

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Confiscation of Property: A “Legal” Tool for Silencing Dissent?/ Iman Soleimani

In recent years, particularly following the adoption and implementation of the law titled “Intensification of Punishment for Espionage and Cooperation with the Zionist Regime and Hostile Countries Against National Security and Interests” in October 2025 (Mehr 1404), the issue of confiscation and seizure of the assets of Iranian citizens—especially those living abroad, ranging from ordinary […]...

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When the Internet Becomes a Weapon of War/ Abdollah Bai Lashaki

In the contemporary world, the internet is no longer merely a communication tool; it has become one of the fundamental pillars of social, economic, and political organization. Critical infrastructures—from banking and healthcare systems to media, education, and even emergency response mechanisms—depend, to varying degrees, on stable access to the internet. However, in situations of armed […]...

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Internet Shutdowns and Their Economic Consequences for Women and the Informal Economy/ Elaheh Amani

This article is not about the catastrophic depth of war as an absolute evil; it is not about the innocent children who lost their lives and never returned home; it is not about the civilians in Iran and other countries of the region who were killed; it is not about the historical heritage destroyed and […]...

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Internet Shutdowns During Wartime: Legitimate Defense or a Silent Violation of Human Rights?/ Nafiseh Motlagh

In the contemporary world, access to the internet is considered one of the vital pillars of social and economic life, and even a condition for the survival of citizens. However, this reality has not yet been explicitly recognized in international law—neither as an “independent human right” nor as a “critical infrastructure.” This legal gap has […]...

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Iran in a State of Information Blockade / Maryam Shirin Sokhan

These days, Iran is undergoing an unprecedented experience: weeks of widespread internet shutdowns, severe restrictions on media, and the concentration of narratives within a single official channel. For more than two months, access to the internet in Iran has been completely cut off. Although limited access has recently been granted to certain individuals and professional […]...

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Cafe Lamiz” and the Economy of Suppression in the Shadow of War / Behzad Ahmadinia”

The ugliest—and perhaps most familiar—face of human society is “war.” This can be read between the lines of the book An Introduction to Polemology by Gaston Bouthoul. In this work, he explains how no law, treaty, or prohibition can stand against war. In a case study, the book describes the international restrictions and global pressures […]...

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The Impact of Wartime Conditions on Labor Rights and Livelihoods in Iran/ Ahmad Alavi

Wars in the modern economy are no longer merely military events; rather, they are multidimensional phenomena that simultaneously affect economic, social, and institutional structures. In the case of present-day Iran, in the year 2026 (1405), this characteristic is clearly observable, where the economy had already been facing chronic imbalances and war has acted as an […]...

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Information Security or Narrative Control?/ Hadi Aghazari

This article is being written at a time when more than one thousand hours have passed since the widespread internet shutdown in Iran, justified on the grounds of maintaining security. During this period, communication between Iranians inside and outside the country has been seriously disrupted, and access for those inside the country to the outside […]...

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A “Street Sigheh” as a Meaningful Social Act / Mahtab Alinejad

What at first glance appears in the form of a “temporary marriage” can easily be interpreted within religious and legal frameworks; an agreement between two individuals that is also recognized within Iran’s legal system. But the issue becomes more complex when this relationship leaves the private sphere and enters public view. This shift is not […]...

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