In the first half of Tir month 1403, in the aftermath of the helicopter crash of Ebrahim Raisi and preparations for the election of the 14th government of the Islamic Republic, the head of the judiciary announced a set of guidelines that, if discussed in a different context, could have sparked many debates and opinions. […]...

The judicial system of the Islamic Republic, from its early days until now, has prioritized security and maintaining the status quo, making it a tool for all kinds of oppression and widespread human rights violations. In Iran, we do not have an independent judicial system. Article 57 of the Constitution states, “The governing powers in […]...

Responsiveness of officials to the people demonstrates the demands of citizens at the forefront of governance and introduces leaders as servants of the people in action. Through the principle of accountability, not only can the demands of citizens be obtained in a desirable manner, but the legitimacy of the political system will also significantly face […]...

One of the punitive reactions that currently exists in all criminal systems as a legal punishment is deprivation of freedom or imprisonment. This punishment is accompanied by harsh conditions for prisoners and these harsh conditions are considered part of the legal punishment. For example, the legislator has prescribed “imprisonment with hard labor” in the General […]...

We must think that prisons and punishments, in general, are not intended to eliminate crimes; they are mostly intended to differentiate crimes and to distribute and use them. Prisons and punishments do not only aim to discipline violators of the law, but they also aim to control violations of the law through a general tactic, […]...

It is rare for powers to build a memorial in condemnation or even criticism of their own actions. It is a dream if they even whisper a hidden line on a stone in the Vatican. My fault “But is there a small sign of the centuries of crimes of the Catholic Church? Is there a […]...

Definition of historical memory and its difference from history. If we study “history” officially and systematically through sources and remnants left by people in the past, the “historical memory” is that part of history which is transmitted socially, culturally, and politically through a group or community of people. Two features are mentioned to know the […]...

If we want to understand what goes on beneath the surface of a society and what the social, political, and cultural realities of a society are, we can look at its prisons. Prisons are a reflection of the entire society. The behavior that is exhibited in prisons with an inmate deprived of freedom can also […]...

“Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei, the head of the judiciary, recently mentioned in a meeting of the administrative council of Alborz province that the judiciary and specifically the prison organization suffer greatly from overcrowding in prisons. With the high density in prisons, it is no longer possible to carry out effective cultural activities to socialize prisoners. However, […]...

In the past weeks, the head of the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran has emphasized again on the transfer of Rajai Shahr and Qazalhasar prisons outside of cities. The governor of Alborz province has also identified the presence of four “sensitive and important” prisons in this province and the gathering of families around […]...

Most legal systems have drawn upon religious ideas or based on certain principles and theories presented by social scientists and even philosophers, the term “punishment” and “penalty” have been interpreted as a social reaction defined by the government. From ancient times to the present, various forms of punishment against violators of civil rights and moral […]...

It was December 2001 when the Islamic Consultative Assembly in Iran passed a law that obligated the government and the organization of prisons, correctional and rehabilitation facilities to sell prisons within cities in order to provide conditions for transferring prisons outside of cities. According to this law, titled “The Law of Transferring Prisons and Correctional […]...