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این یک عنوان برای یک تصویر است.

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Siamak Malamhamedi

Parviz Piran, a sociologist born in the city of Hamedan in 1329, has taught at Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran University, and Shahid Beheshti University.
Dr. Piran has been a member of the faculty at Allameh Tabataba’i University, a senior consultant for the United Nations since 1999, a member of the faculty at the Swiss Academy for Development since 2003, and a member of the advisory board for the journal “Children, Youth, and the Environment” at the University of Colorado, USA.
He has authored three books in English, published by the United Nations, and has also published numerous articles in both Persian and English on various social issues.
In this issue, we will discuss the social-historical roots of sexism and gender discrimination in a conversation with Dr. Piran.

What approach do you follow to understand the roots of gender inequality from a sociological perspective? Do you have an approach that can cover all aspects and provide a comprehensive analysis of gender and related issues?
Sexism is a negative attitude, belief, and discrimination towards human gender. This type of discrimination is sometimes referred to as sexism. Although the concept of sexism includes all humans and can occur for various reasons, discrimination against women is the most common and prevalent type of discrimination that has deep roots in history. From a sociological perspective, two concepts are always associated with sexism. The first is the concept of stereotypes or clichés, and the second is the concept of gender roles. Stereotypes are always a form of generalization, meaning that specific characteristics, sometimes positive but mostly negative, observed in an individual from a group, a specific place, or in fact any society, are attributed to all individuals in that group. In Iran, there are various stereotypes about people from different cities, which are not only incorrect but also a clear violation of their rights and a form of immorality. Stereotypes are divisive and discriminatory, and they are related to decision-making. If decisions are based on

Many sociologists have considered the division of labor and accumulation of wealth as the basis for advancing civilization and human societies. How has gender played a role in the division of social labor?
Although many believe that women, who have less mobility and are settled in one place, especially during pregnancy, discovered agriculture, these types of theories cannot be considered proven and fundamental. However, we can say that physical strength is the first type of differentiation and superiority or inferiority and superiority or inferiority that shape. This is where some believe that division of labor takes place, meaning that with agriculture between the house, that is, not going to this side and that side for food gathering, causes the woman to settle in one place and the man to engage in agriculture and farming, gradually bringing up the issue of accumulation. But I believe that the issue of accumulation must also be seriously and repeatedly considered. Because accumulation happens based on consumption value. But this issue also creates the ground for separating individuals. Some, for reasons of physical strength or other reasons such as the emergence of certain beliefs, responding to human questions and questions about where they came from and where they are going, gradually form occupational differences or differences

What forces have been and are intensifying gender inequality?
The main issue is that sometimes it causes women’s desires to be degraded and diminished. This means that in order to obtain certain rights, there is a struggle, but the discussion of gender and gender differences must be completely ignored. Of course, it is natural that this kind of interpretation, which means the complete destruction of gender differences and gender discrimination, cannot be considered as a dominant factor in social actions at any time, but women, as well as society’s aware individuals, both men and women, understand that rights for women must be gradually achieved and institutionalized. Unfortunately, with the formation of language and the relationship between language and the brain, a masculine language is created, which is another story. For example, clichés are accompanied by these linguistic interpretations. For example, if fifty years ago we told someone that someone was a truck driver, everyone would assume that he must be a man. Therefore, discrimination in jobs and division of labor becomes widespread and institutionalized until today. Of course, we

Sociological analysis of social inequalities, especially in terms of gender, in societies like Iran compared to Western societies, what are the differences and similarities? How do you analyze the historical transformation of social division of labor in Iranian society in relation to gender inequalities?

What role do past events and historical developments play in the current state of gender in Iran? Specifically, please explain what concrete and major issues of gender inequality exist in Iran today?
We must see the sociological analysis of gender differences between Iran and Western societies based on the issues we are facing in Iranian society. We are facing gender and historical discrimination against women. These have accumulated. An incomplete, misunderstood, and unassimilated modernity, which has been translated into Persian through a dictionary. Let me give you an example that I have been using for years. I say that Iranian society is like a person who was hit on the head 400-500 years ago and became unconscious, but did not die. Everyone is watching over him. After 150 years, signs of awakening are found in this unconscious person. When he tries to wake up, he has a strange dream. He sees this dream in a foreign language. It is true that he does not know this language, and does not know what it is, but it is strange that he has completely memorized this dream. He has memorized this dream word for word and it seems like he has memorized

What strategies should be used to address these issues in a way that is effective and leaves a lasting impact? How do you evaluate the existing solutions pursued by the government or social activists?

If there is any point you would like to add at the end, please let me know.
We need dialectic of general and particular in all aspects of our lives, including the issue of women’s discrimination. What is meant by dialectic of general and particular? General is the knowledge that exists in this field. It is the policies and planning that exist in this field. These are mostly Western. We must know them well. This is not a game of nativization. We must follow dialectic. That means we should get to know the general. Then let’s see where this particular dialectic is. Iran is the text. Discussions should be text-based, which they are not. Books are translated incorrectly. Translations are incomplete. Our language also has weaknesses. If we read our historical texts, we can find equivalents for all these words. But we haven’t done that. For two hundred years, we have put all these things aside. The problem is that this dialectic of general and particular has also existed in the history of Iran. If you read Sohrab,

Thank you for the opportunity you have provided us with to engage in peace talks.