The consequences of the twelve-day post-war period: economic crisis, infrastructure collapse, and systematic violation of human rights / Ahmad Alavi

After the 12-day war between Iran and Israel, a destructive ceasefire was established. However, contrary to expectations of reconstruction and tension reduction, the structure of the Islamic Republic’s government intensified political and economic pressures, deepening existing crises. This note, with an analytical approach based on human rights indicators, examines the economic, social, and legal consequences […]...

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New Control Tool: Critics’ SIM Card Disconnect/ Fereshteh Goli

Nowadays, having a SIM card is one of the necessities of life in the digital and virtual world, and any deprivation of this right for anyone can be considered a tragedy. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has emphasized the importance of access to communication tools as a human right in several official documents, especially in […]...

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The right to access the internet is suspended/ Mohammad Hadi Jafarpour

A few days before the start of the twelve-day war, the issue of internet classification caused some political and civil activists to criticize the decision, referring to the president’s promise to remove filtering. Such restrictions on citizens’ rights are being imposed while in the country’s political-judicial structure, various rules and laws have been formulated and […]...

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Wounds that are still healing / Mahtab Alinjad

In the heart of the night, the sound of sirens passes through the sleeping cities. The sky is on fire, walls tremble, and the silence of homes is shattered. War, this merciless word, has once again awakened from the slumber of history and cast its shadow over the lives of humans. But amidst the ruins, […]...

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During the external bombardment, internal censorship and women in the forefront of the narrative / Elaheh Amani

“In war, women and children are the first victims, even before the conflicts begin seriously.”.*   War is gendered, not neutral. The wounds of war are not only on bodies, but also in lives that are forever changed, and it is women who carry these wounds silently. The costs and consequences of war disproportionately burden […]...

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Legislating in the Shadow of War / Neda Qanbari

When asked about the 12-day war and its consequences, my mind doesn’t go to anything but images of destruction and the sound of bomb explosions. I think more about the days when “silence” after the war was heavier than any explosion, engulfing the entire country. In those moments, just when we expected peace after the […]...

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Legal Authoritarianism for Social Control/ Nasrollah Lashani

The importance of the constitution in establishing and solidifying democracy is a legacy of the American Revolution. After the victory of the American Revolution and the independence of this country from British monarchy, the revolutionaries emphasized and focused on the drafting and regulation of the constitution, striving to carefully and skillfully design a national covenant […]...

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Fire in the heart of “Aghajan” / Azar Taherabad

The hot summer morning air in “Aghajan” is bitter; the smell of burning smoke, city sewage left in the streets, and the strong scent of mixed substances. The approximate distance from this neighborhood to the heart of the city is about ten minutes. From the moment I step into the neighborhood, I realize that this […]...

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Attack on Prisons During Wartime: Solution or Tragedy?/ Majid Shia Ali

There is precedent in modern military history for air assaults on prisons. In some cases, such incidents result from operational errors or misfires during broader military campaigns. One of the most tragic examples occurred in May 1999, when NATO launched strikes in response to the Serbian army’s ethnic repression of Kosovar Albanians. Among the multiple […]...

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Espionage: The Regime’s Worn-Out Tool to Silence Dissent/ Reza Alijani

Onstage and Behind the Scenes of the Ratification of Article Nine of the Constitution Article 9 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran states: “In the Islamic Republic of Iran, freedom, independence, unity, and the territorial integrity of the country are inseparable, and preserving them is the duty of the government and all […]...

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