Petrochemicals
To Strike or Not to Strike Dual-Use Infrastructure: An Interview with Jafar Ghanadbashi, Former IRI’s Ambassador to Libya/ Pedram Tahsini
Dual-use infrastructure refers to a set of physical, networked, systemic, and technological assets that are originally designed and operated for civilian and peaceful purposes, such as transportation, energy, communications, or industrial production; but because of their strategic nature, broad coverage, high capacity, or embedded technical capabilities, they can also be used in conditions of crisis, […]...
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Created By:
Padram Tahsini
June 22, 2026
From Missiles to Plastic: The Continuation of War in Everyday Life/ Ali Kalaei
Wars do not end after they are over. This sentence may seem somewhat strange because, naturally, once a war ends, it should become part of memory. But what happens in reality is not like that. Wars sometimes continue for ordinary people in a country through refrigerators going off, reduced water pressure in homes, the rising […]...
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Created By:
Ali Kalaei June 22, 2026
The long-term costs of destroying dual-use infrastructure/ Fereshteh Goli
Before addressing the main subject of this note, it is better to offer a definition of dual-use infrastructure. Although no clear and direct definition has been provided for “dual-use industries and infrastructure,” based on general concepts and the use of this term in texts related to security and economics, it can be said that dual-use […]...
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Created By:
Fereshteh Goli June 22, 2026
