A Comparative Review of the Conflicts Between the New Law Intensifying Punishment for Espionage and the Fundamental Rights of the People/ Iman Soleimani

The law titled “Intensifying Punishment for Espionage and Cooperation with the Zionist Regime and Hostile Countries Against National Security and Interests” (approved by Parliament in Mehr 1404 and confirmed by the Guardian Council) is among the Islamic Republic’s recent security laws, prescribing heavy punishments such as execution and full confiscation of property for a wide […]...

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Securitizing Society Through Accusations of Espionage/ Hermineh Hourdad

Since its establishment, the Islamic Republic, as a phenomenon in the form and appearance of the government ruling Iran, has made one of its main actions emptying everything of its original meaning, placing its own desired meaning inside that form, and imposing it on society. The accusation of espionage is no exception to this rule; […]...

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Under the Charge of Espionage; by Motahareh Jafari

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Legal Examination of the Shift in Criminal Policy Toward Seizure and Confiscation of Property; Conversation with Hassan Asadi Zeydabadi/ Ali Kalaei

The tense developments and the war of the United States and Israel with Iran have brought about noticeable changes in the country’s domestic environment. These changes have not been limited merely to the security and political spheres, but their effects are also clearly observable in the legal and judicial arena. Reports have emerged of the […]...

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Can Mere Filming of Strike Sites Lead to Arrest?/ Sina Yousefi

In wartime conditions, the question of respect for human rights is always raised as one of the fundamental challenges. It is a challenge in which the boundary between security necessities and human rights obligations becomes extremely narrow and slippery. Historical experience has shown that in times of crisis, states are more inclined than ever to […]...

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