The death penalty is one of the most controversial topics in contemporary criminal law. Despite the global trend towards limiting and abolishing it, it is still used in some countries – especially in cases of serious crimes. In some countries, it is also used as a political tool not only to combat crime, but also […]...

In the month of Khordad 1391 (June 2012), the leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran said in a ceremony commemorating the anniversary of the establishment of the ruling system in Iran: “We have set a record.” The reality is that he was right; even before that time, the Islamic Republic was one of the […]...

Usually, from the moment the accusation against a parent becomes clear, or even from the moment of arrest and being charged with a crime, the mourning of the child and the family of the arrested person begins. This mourning, which can take the form of prolonged grief, becomes complicated grief as the trial process drags […]...

In 2024, Amnesty International recorded a total of 1518 executions in 15 countries, which was 32% higher than in 2023. This statistic does not include the number of executions in China, as the number of executions in China is confidential. Obtaining statistics from other countries such as North Korea and Vietnam has also been difficult, […]...

In recent years, the significant increase in laws and executions in Iran, especially after the recent nationwide protests, has raised deep questions about the social, political, and ideological function of this punishment in the Islamic Republic. This essay seeks to analyze execution not only as a means of criminal punishment, but also as a mechanism […]...

Based on the recent report by Amnesty International (published on April 8, 2025), (1) the Islamic Republic, with a minimum of 972 executions, accounts for more than 64% of all recorded executions in the world. This figure puts the regime ruling over Iran in the first place among the countries carrying out executions in the […]...

Based on the evidence remaining from ancient times, what has always been a fundamental and eternal question and challenge for humanity is human rights, especially in the form of natural and fundamental rights, namely the “right to life”. The embodiment and tangible manifestation of this right has been the source of other human rights, which […]...

The essence of qisas (retributive justice) has long been based on a natural law: “You kill, you are killed; an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” This well-known principle existed long before the emergence of Abrahamic religions. Historical stone carvings—including the Code of Hammurabi, which dates back to 1800 BCE and […]...

In recent years, various campaigns opposing the death penalty have been formed, each considering execution and qisas as the most prominent and dangerous threats to society, whose harmful effects do not release our reality and collective life during this era of history. Nevertheless, our criminal justice policy, in response to these collective movements, has generally […]...

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« It is a great error for a person to become so immersed in human laws that they neglect divine laws. Death belongs only to God and humans have no right to interfere in this unknown matter. There is no text provided in Farsi to translate. Please provide the text so it can be translated […]...

On the eve of the second anniversary of the nationwide protests in 1401 and the Mehssa movement, the death sentences issued against women in the courts of the Islamic Republic surprised everyone. Sharifeh Mohammadi, a labor activist, is one of the women who has been sentenced to death on charges of “rebellion”. Mrs. Mohammadi is […]...