Definition of historical memory and its difference from history. If we study “history” officially and systematically through sources and remnants left by people in the past, the “historical memory” is that part of history which is transmitted socially, culturally, and politically through a group or community of people. Two features are mentioned to know the […]...

Despite its historical significance due to its location on the ancient Silk Road, the city of Qom has gained even greater prominence since becoming the “religious capital” of Iran. In the years following the February 1979 Revolution—especially after its separation from Markazi Province in 1986 and later from Tehran Province in 1996, when it became […]...

These days, news about executions and inhumane punishments, which are still being carried out despite the existence of many opponents, have occupied the minds of human rights activists and supporters of abolishing punishments that violate human dignity. Despite research showing the ineffectiveness of capital punishment, it is still being implemented. In most countries around the […]...

Nowadays, the issue of human rights is so global and important that the acceptance and legitimacy of governments and regimes depends on how they support these rights. According to the Iranian Civil Law, treaties that are ratified between the government of Iran and other governments, in accordance with the Constitution, have the force of law. […]...

Although the principles and rules of human rights were established in the mid-twentieth century and were codified after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, at the United Nations General Assembly, and further developed with the creation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant […]...

In current societies, all the old tools of oppression have been rejected and condemned, but the death penalty, as one of the most barbaric methods of ancient heritage, has not only not been rejected and condemned, but has also been legitimized and given a legal aspect by self-proclaimed governments in many parts of the world. […]...

Overcoming unemployment is overcoming crime. Statistics in the past year show a significant increase in the implementation of the death penalty in Iran. It seems that since Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ejei took office, there has been a strong will within the judicial system to expedite all death sentences. This has prompted the monthly magazine Khat-e-Solh to interview […]...

Criminalizing addiction prevents treatment. Is the person an addict or a criminal? This is a controversial debate that has yet to receive a clear answer and there are various opinions about it. However, each approach and perspective towards an addicted individual, whether as a patient or a criminal, can have a different impact on their […]...

Mehsa Amini, a young woman, was killed by the agents of the “moral security police” in late Shahrivar 1401 (September 2022) during widespread protests against the Islamic Republic. In these protests, children, especially teenagers, play a central role, but perhaps more important than their role in these protests is the visibility of children during protest […]...

A look at the expansion of the death penalty in Iran. Until the 18th century, we find executions and deprivation of life using various tools and methods in desirable and accepted societies. Through historical examination, it is observable that there was no serious dispute or discussion among intellectuals and jurists about its rejection and abolition. […]...

The Islamic Republic of Iran continues to be one of the governments that rigorously carries out the death penalty in its judicial system. The latest statistics show that at least 528 people were executed in Iran during the past year (October 2021 to October 2022) (1). However, this number only includes executions officially announced by […]...

Capital Punishment – including execution, which is the most common type – has been one of the most important tools for social control and criminal reactions in various legal systems from ancient times until now. It still exists and is implemented in some criminal systems around the world. Sufficient deterrence, proportionality of punishment, preservation of […]...