The caption reads: “Beautiful sunset over the mountains.”
Mohammad Karim Asayesh

“An advanced stage of corruption in a country is systemic corruption, in which managers and executive and supervisory officials of the country become corrupt. These are conditions that are difficult to fight against, but the situation becomes worse when corrupt individuals enter the channels of legislation in the country; this is where corruption becomes practically legal and it is a dangerous stage that our country is on the verge of.”

Ahmad Tavakoli

To understand the difference between systematic corruption and non-systematic corruption, we refer to the court of the mayor of Tehran (1348 to 1356), Ghulamreza Nikpay, in 1358. In this court, Nikpay is accused of embezzling the budget of the bus company. This is an example of non-systematic corruption; meaning the executor has deviated from the law and the supervisor has turned a blind eye. However, at the same time, we see that in the comprehensive plan of Tehran (the Farmanfarmaian-Groen plan), Shemiran is recognized as the lung of Tehran and construction of buildings over four stories is prohibited; meaning corruption has not reached the level of breaking the law. But when in 1369, the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture approves an increase in building density and in the new detailed plan of Tehran, both types of density incentives exist, as well as the possibility of unlimited density increase through

This corrupt air shows itself in the form of corrupt air. When the western and northern arteries of the city are blocked by urban density and the air cannot flow, which is the result of legalizing density, when gardens and green spaces (the lungs of the city) are converted according to the fluid zoning plan or based on the approved Garden Tower and the lack of building restrictions underground (both in terms of occupancy and density), they turn into building complexes and with the law of reducing tree cutting fines by half by the Tehran City Council, lime and fire are used and instead of expanding the metro and renovating the mini-bus and bus fleet, bridges become two-story and tunnels and pedestrian underpasses are built, all of which are approved in the city budget; then the citizens’ share will be nothing but corrupt air.

But how has the atmosphere of corruption taken shape? The atmosphere of corruption has two sources: first, weak supervision, and second, weak democracy. When the structure of the city council is not a popular one and has not been formed from the bottom up (unlike the 1361 council law, the 1358 neighborhood council law, the 1286 municipal law, and the 1375 Islamic city and village council law, which have all regressed in terms of democratic structure) and parties also have little local representation, and neighborhood councils have been turned into incomplete entities called “shorayaris” under the supervision and interference of the coordinating council of Islamic city shorayaris in Tehran, when the right to vote of the city council president is removed from the 5th article commission, when the Environmental Protection Organization and the Engineering System Organization do not have the right to vote in the 5th article commission. When collective rights, including the right to the city, and the