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Golrakh Iraee

Gharchak prison is located in the deserts surrounding Varamin. It is an area with a dry climate and in the midst of a desert, making it difficult for families to visit their loved ones due to lack of easy access. Originally, Gharchak prison was a barn used for keeping livestock before it was converted into a prison. After the conversion, the only changes made were the addition of small buildings for healthcare and a kitchen; no other changes were made to the structure. However, the disregard for the country’s laws by the officials and guards of this prison has led to numerous violations and mistreatment of the over one thousand female prisoners held there. These prisoners are often deprived of their legal rights and are sometimes subjected to unethical and inhumane treatment by the guards. The prison has 11 sections, with the quarantine section located at the beginning of the building. New inmates are held in this section for three days and nights. It should be noted that political and ideological prisoners

Access to drinking water in this prison is in crisis. All 11 water pipelines in Qarchak prison, except for one, contain salty water and even the one pipeline with fresh water has a strange taste. Old prisoners imprisoned in Qarchak believe that drinking this water in the long term has caused irreparable damage to their kidneys and has led to various parasitic diseases.

The living conditions of prisoners are such that the promised meals of lunch and dinner are less than half of a single serving. Many prisoners have protested the quantity of food in the prison and claimed that they have not been full for a long time after finishing their meals. For breakfast, prisoners are served boiled water in cups that have been completely worn out and it is clear that they have not been washed. Many long-term prisoners have been deprived of drinking tea for years. There is no protein in the prison food and it usually consists of rice, legumes, potatoes, and soy. The soy used in the prison food is animal feed which is harmful to the human stomach and intestines. The variety of food is very limited and considering that many prisoners in Garchak prison (from what I have observed) do not have any money deposited in their bank accounts, they are forced to eat this unhealthy and small amount of food. The items in the prison store are also very limited and only consist of a

The hygiene situation of the bathrooms is also very concerning.

No disinfectant is provided to prisoners in Qarchak. Cleaning materials are limited to liquid soap. This is despite the fact that many prisoners suffer from various infectious, skin, and sexual diseases. In addition, I have witnessed in quarantine that prisoners are tested for HIV and hepatitis upon arrival at the prison’s health center. However, there is no separation based on diseases in the prison and the results of these tests are never announced. In fact, what I have heard from the prison officials and health personnel is that these tests are only done to complete the prisoners’ files, not for any other purpose.

Drug-addicted prisoners are evaluated by a person known as a helper upon their arrival, and the rehabilitation center also identifies and registers drug addicts. However, during the first three days of quarantine, all drugs and even cigarettes are cut off from prisoners, causing violent psychological reactions and ultimately leading to dangerous conflicts between individuals. In fact, the addicted person should be transferred to a detox camp, but in prison, they are easily accepted by prison officials and instead of receiving treatment, they are deprived of any kind of sedative medication during the first three days of imprisonment. After three days, a specific dose of medication is given to the individual according to the instructions of the rehabilitation center’s doctors.

I have come to realize that in many cases, women who have been sentenced to death have done so because they were unable to divorce their husbands after years of enduring a tumultuous marriage filled with insults, beatings, and sometimes torture at the hands of their spouses. A large percentage of these women who have murdered their husbands either had a premeditated plan or committed the act suddenly. Many of these women had the help of another man who had entered their lives. Although they knew they were committing a crime, they believed that if the judge had granted them a divorce after repeated complaints about their husbands, they would never have resorted to murder. A society that claims to be based on Islamic principles puts people in a sickening situation due to its flawed laws, specifically those related to divorce, which lead to the victims becoming perpetrators of crimes. A man loses his life in this crime, a woman becomes a criminal and is sentenced to death or a long prison term. A man is sentenced to death

The issued laws for prisoners convicted of drug trafficking are also very unfair compared to other countries, and individuals who (according to their statements) were forced and resorted to drug trafficking for livelihood were faced with death sentences, life imprisonment, or sentences over 20 years, etc. This is while no post-arrest damage assessment is done for the defendants and their lives are destroyed without any consideration. It should be noted that these sentences are usually carried out on individuals who are certain and that the middlemen and major traffickers with connections to the arresting agencies are acquitted. My observations are based on field research of convicts in quarantine and mother cells, and what I have heard from those who were mostly former prisoners. They witnessed in many cases that high-ranking defendants who had the most involvement in trafficking were released very quickly and their cases were closed.

Prisoners mostly do not have the opportunity to use their legal leave rights and in special circumstances, if they catch the attention of the prison guards during a process called “good behavior”, they may eventually be granted this right as a reward. Good behavior includes performing religious duties, attending religious classes, being respectful towards prison guards, and cooperating in tasks such as cleaning and sometimes even performing personal tasks for the guards (such as heating their food in the prison kitchen and cleaning the work area for staff, etc.).

Some of the prisoners are employed in the administrative section, kitchen, tailoring house, workshop, and gardens to earn income. Working hours are from approximately 9 am to 4 pm. In return for this amount of work, amounts ranging from 50,000 to 80,000 up to a maximum of 100,000 tomans are deposited into the prisoners’ cards for one month of work. Some prisoners also received two packs of cigarettes weekly at the beginning of their work in prison. (Two packs of cigarettes per week are usually received in Bahman) and some others received a phone card. Some others, who were considered unemployed at the beginning of their work, only had permission to use the phone for a longer period. That is, they never received any money, but only had the opportunity to use the phone for a longer period of time.

In Qarchak prison, I became familiar with the concept of “muta’ah” (temporary marriage). Women who offer themselves to other inmates for sexual purposes in exchange for financial gain. Some engaged in these relationships to fulfill their sexual needs, while others did it solely for the purpose of earning money to buy cigarettes, food, or cleaning supplies. These women are victims of poverty and lack of awareness, neglected by the prison staff and officials.

The phrase “House of Regret” is written above the entrance of the prison. However, many of them are not regretful of their actions. This is especially true for those who were labeled as thieves. Thieves are mostly from the lower class of society and they express that if they didn’t steal, they wouldn’t survive. They say that they steal because they are hungry. They would say that they have everything in their record, from robbing stores, to stealing fruits and food from supermarkets, to taking clothes and shoes from shops, to stealing from parking lots, storage rooms, and other people’s cars. And in the presence of Shapur, which they referred to as a torture chamber, they would confess to everything. In Shapur’s presence, they would be beaten with cables, they would be thrown on the ground and rolled over by the big tires of heavy cars. They would be beaten and kicked with boots. They would hear vulgar sexual insults and ultimately confess to everything they

In the mothers’ ward, many infants and children endure imprisonment with their mothers. I have seen children from a few days old to around 20 years old there. These are children who are born in prison or enter with their mothers. They are deprived of their rights to proper food, clothing, hygiene, recreation, entertainment, and education, and they do not know the world outside of prison. They are afraid of seeing men (technicians and prison staff) and are terrified by the sound of machines (sometimes if they see them in the prison yard). They do not recognize the taste or appearance of any specific fruit and are not familiar with any animals. The worst conditions are among the children born to addicted mothers. Instead of transferring the addicted mother and child to a camp, they are transferred to prison, and these newborns from addicted mothers, who are addicted due to blood ties with their mother or breastfeeding from her, are faced with withdrawal pains after entering prison. No action is taken to calm

In Qarchak prison, I encountered many women who claimed to have confessed to transporting drugs under torture, despite having no role in their transportation and storage. They have been in prison for years. I have also witnessed this issue among prisoners convicted of murder, which definitely requires further investigation. However, since many of them do not have the means to hire a lawyer, they have been left without a resolution.

During conflicts, first the female guards are sent inside the cells and if they are unable to control the situation, male officers enter with batons and stun guns to calm down the chaotic atmosphere. Most conflicts are over food, cigarettes, or sometimes due to disagreements over sexual partners, which can lead to prolonged and intense conflicts within the cell. After the conflict and the entry of officers into the cell, individuals are temporarily transferred to individual cells for punishment through physical abuse.

The prison infirmary only provides basic pills and medications to patients, and those who require hospitalization are only transferred in very special cases after extensive follow-up and due to limitations, through random selection.

The law of not tolerating imprisonment and old age is not enforced in many cases. Elderly women and women with specific and incurable diseases are still left in prison without any attention. Lack of sufficient awareness causes prisoners to be unaware of these laws (not tolerating imprisonment due to illness or old age) and prison workers and officials do not take any action to enforce this law.

There is no doubt that many of these individuals have committed crimes, but it has been caused by lack of adherence to the law and unethical, and sometimes inhumane, treatment, leading to many of these individuals becoming victims of a corrupt judicial system or neglect by officials and prison guards.

In Qarchak prison, I saw two of the oldest female prisoners in Iran with public crimes. Maryam Zarati and Fatemeh Firouzbakhsh, approximately 30 years old, who have spent more than half of their lives in juvenile and then adult prisons. They were arrested for drug trafficking and are still in prison due to committing further crimes (assault, fighting, and later murder). In the last days of my presence in Qarchak, I found out that both of them had been transferred to Aminabad hospital. I have no news about their fate anymore. The tragic thing about these people is that due to years of unjust imprisonment and being exploited by the authorities, they have suffered from mental health issues.

The old prisoners witnessed that the officials specifically used these individuals, whom their fellow inmates called “bully” or “brave beater”, to harass other prisoners. Many believed that these abuses and pressures caused an imbalance in their current state. Many believed that the reason these prisoners, despite committing murder, were not executed was because they had been subjected to abuse by the officials. According to the testimony of the old prisoners, many executions were carried out during these years, but these two individuals were prevented from being executed.

In fact, Evin Prison and probably many other prisons in Iran, are not just places of shame, but rather inaccessible complexes where many people are stripped of their human identity. Many prison guards also establish a sickening connection with the inhumane environment and are in sync with it.

If many of the social problems, with poverty being at the forefront, are solved and if the country’s laws are changed, with divorce law being a priority, many of these crimes will not occur and many individuals will not turn into thieves, smugglers, and murderers. The country’s flawed judicial system and laws on inheritance, poverty, and class divide create criminals and wrongdoers who are rotting away in prisons. Changing the laws and judicial system has been impossible in the past four decades. It is hoped that with a major change, the problems and issues of society will be resolved, so that we do not witness humans becoming victims in such inhumane conditions.