Asia Arianfar: In military courts, the blood of kolbars is declared “wasted” / Ali Kalai

The shooting of Kolbars in the western border regions of Iran has raised serious questions about the right to life, the limits of the powers of armed officers, and the right of victims to seek justice for years. Although the Law on the Organization of Border Trade has set a framework for some of the […]...

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From regulating cross-border trade to the right to livelihood; how is support for border residents achieved? / Lohrasb Kohistani

Let’s say a resident of Marivan applies for a border trade quota. He has submitted his residency documents, but the answer is simply: Your conditions were not met. He does not know which document was incomplete, whether the quota capacity was filled or other people had priority. More importantly, he does not know where to […]...

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Iran’s Commitments to the Right to Life and the Prohibition of the Use of Deadly Force/ Maryam Abedi

Kolbari and fuel bartering cannot be analyzed within the classical framework of informal trade practices; this phenomenon is, first and foremost, a survival strategy in the context of structural poverty, chronic unemployment, and regional discrimination. It was in this context that the “Law on the Organization and Supervision of Border Trade (Kolbari and Melvani) and […]...

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The hardships and dangers of kolbari, as told by kolbaris/Pardis Parsa

The phenomenon of kolbari has become one of the most painful manifestations of the informal economy in the western and northwestern borders of Iran in recent decades. Kolbari is mainly prevalent in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Ilam. Field estimates show that about 70 thousand people are kolbari in the provinces of […]...

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“Organizing Greater Tehran or Relocating the Capital?; A Conversation with Dr. Mohammadtaghi Rahnamayi / Pedram Tahsini”

The transfer of the capital was one of the topics that has been discussed since the beginning of the fourteenth government and by the President, in order to create a platform for a specialized discourse about this important concern of the government and the people. Supporters and opponents of this idea have expressed their opinions […]...

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Taqi Azadarmaki: Relocating the capital is a wrong and self-serving project/ Ali Kalaei

For decades, the issue of transferring the capital in Iran has been raised and each time this discussion ends without any clear results, it is pushed to the sidelines. Tehran, as the center of political, economic, cultural, and other activities in the country, faces numerous problems such as overpopulation, air pollution, and concentration of major […]...

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“Development Plan for Makran Coasts” or “Internal and External Colonization”? / Shira Ahmad Shirani Naroui

Makran is a region in southeastern Iran that extends from the Strait of Hormuz to the east and begins at Minab, continuing to the Sindh River in Balochistan, Pakistan. This region is of special importance due to its geopolitical location and is recognized as an international waterway. Makran holds strategic value for both Iran and […]...

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Makran in the trap of politics/ Mohsen Behbahani

A while ago, the government spokesperson announced that the medical government intends to relocate the capital from Tehran to the Makran region and this matter is under consideration. (1) Many countries throughout history have changed their capitals for various reasons, the main reason being the increase in population in the capital and balanced development in […]...

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The Thought of Possible Transfer of the Capital from Tehran to Makran: Opportunities, Challenges / Ahmad Alavi

The idea of relocating the capital in Iran, especially from Tehran to the Makran region, has recently been raised due to environmental challenges, population density, and Tehran’s vulnerability to natural disasters. This plan aims to achieve goals such as balanced regional development, strengthening geopolitical position, and reducing centralization. However, implementing such a plan can have […]...

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The game of transferring the capital to Makran has no players/ Parvaneh Ahmadi

In the month of Dey 1403, the government spokesperson announced that relocating the capital to the Makran region is one of the serious options in the country’s major plans. This plan has not been fully rejected or approved in terms of implementation, and according to Jafar Qaempanah, the executive deputy of the president, regarding the […]...

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Makran, a strategic capital or a game with public opinion? / Fereshteh Goli

The topic of transferring the capital from one city to another is a story with a long history. The records related to the most important cases of capital transfers in the world show that the transfer of capitals took place in 1800 in America, in 1868 in Japan, in 1871 in Italy, in 1912 in […]...

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Environmental damages of transferring the capital to underdeveloped areas/ Masoud Lahout

Regardless of the fact that the transfer of the capital to Makran, which has recently become a topic of discussion, is environmentally friendly and in accordance with the country’s top documents – especially the Land Development document – or not, the proposal for such an important matter, meaning the necessity of transferring the capital to […]...

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