The right to a healthy environment is one of the examples of human rights that legal experts in this field consider as part of the third generation of human rights. According to the “United Nations Conference on the Human Environment” statement, adopted on June 16, 1972 in Stockholm, Sweden, the preservation of the human environment […]...

One of the punitive reactions that currently exists in all criminal systems as a legal punishment is deprivation of freedom or imprisonment. This punishment is accompanied by harsh conditions for prisoners and these harsh conditions are considered part of the legal punishment. For example, the legislator has prescribed “imprisonment with hard labor” in the General […]...

One of the most important and fundamental criteria for ensuring equal enjoyment of social rights and opportunities and eliminating discrimination is special and increased support for individuals who are deprived of certain physical and mental abilities. This disability makes it difficult, and in some cases impossible, for these individuals to have equal access to social […]...

Citizenship, which is considered one of the achievements of modernity, is among the most important and fundamental human rights in the current legal system. It is the basis and source of many other rights and privileges. The recognition of citizenship as a fundamental and inalienable right in Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human […]...

Predicting criminal reactions (punishments) in relevant laws and their implementation through the judiciary is one of the ways to establish order and security and prevent encroachment on the rights of individuals in civilized societies. Since the conditions and implementation of punishments – despite the justifications and reasons that require adherence to them – are still […]...

One of the most fundamental rights emphasized in human rights rules and standards is the right to access to fair trial, and one of the essential indicators necessary for achieving fair trial is the right to access to a lawyer in the process of trial. In other words, access to a lawyer is considered one […]...

Although the principles and rules of human rights were established in the mid-twentieth century and were codified after the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, at the United Nations General Assembly, and further developed with the creation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant […]...

Capital Punishment – including execution, which is the most common type – has been one of the most important tools for social control and criminal reactions in various legal systems from ancient times until now. It still exists and is implemented in some criminal systems around the world. Sufficient deterrence, proportionality of punishment, preservation of […]...