Compulsory Hijab and the Boundaries of the One Million Signatures Campaign’s Demands/ Aliyeh Motalebzadeh

I belong to a generation of women who have spent a large part of their lives in conflict with the Islamic Republic; not only in the streets, in prison, and in civil activism, but also in the media, in photographs and images, in those very places that the government, whenever it has deemed necessary, has […]...

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One Million Signatures, Beyond the Borders/ Monireh Kazemi

Throughout different periods of history, there have always been Iranian migrants and exiles. What distinguishes this era from previous ones, however, is, first, their large numbers and widespread dispersal across different parts of the world and, second, their constant exploration of their personal pasts and Iran’s recent history—an exploration accompanied by a sense of longing […]...

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The Battle of Subcultures over the City/Raha Azadi

After the ceasefire in Iran, public policymaking, especially regarding public spaces and service occupations, underwent extensive changes. After 1401, with some twists and turns, the policy that Ali Motahari referred to as the “Sa’ah Sadr Nizam” was put on the agenda, and the previous strictures were somewhat relaxed. In these two or three years, it […]...

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From National Security to Moral Security: The New Stage of Post-War Social Control / Maryam Abedi

In recent months, as the war has subsided, what has been seen on the streets, Instagram, and cyberspace is the return of the focus of governance from Iranian soil to the city; from the sealing of cafes and book cafes in Sana’i and Iranshahr to the crackdown on tourist tours and the blocking of bloggers’ […]...

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Do Iranian women have freedom in academic spaces? / Dina Ghaleibaf

In Iran, all students sign a commitment when registering at university, stating that after passing the entrance exam, this commitment signature is considered a crucial requirement for entering university or academic spaces. If a student resists signing this commitment, they will not be allowed to register at the university. In the text that students sign, […]...

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The Premier League and the female/spectators Zahra Rahimi

One of the prohibitions that was imposed after the February 1979 revolution due to the policies of the Islamic Republic, which aimed to separate men and women from each other, was the ban on women attending men’s sports competitions and vice versa in stadiums and sports arenas. In line with this policy, men are not […]...

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Hijab, a legal matter or a point of conflict between society and government?/ Alireza Goudarzi

In a classification, rights can be categorized into existing rights and desirable rights. What comes later and is compatible with its time, is desirable rights, and existing rights may not necessarily be compatible with current circumstances. However, what is recognized in society as legal norms and is referenced in courts, is existing rights. We may […]...

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Lost in guidance to the girls of the generation of optional hijab / Beloved Tavakoli

It has been nearly 45 years that Iranian women and girls have been continuously fighting against the mandatory hijab law in the Islamic Republic. The government has made every effort to force the black chador on all Iranian women, but has faced defeat. The result of 45 years of “Guidance Patrol” and “Enjoining Good” has […]...

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Women and the Domination of the Streets / Marzieh Mohabi

From the fifteenth of Farvardin, when the leader of the Islamic Republic rose up with a high spirit from the principles and rules of jurisprudence, religion, rights, and ethics, and with the concept of “political taboo,” another war against unveiled women began. All military, police, security, and overt and covert forces have been mobilized to […]...

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Technology as a tool of control/ Saghar Rahimi

In recent decades, surveillance and control tools in countries around the world have undergone profound changes thanks to the continuous advancement of technology and cutting-edge innovations. This evolution has led to the emergence of intelligent tools that have infiltrated our daily lives and have become indispensable tools that play a crucial role in our lives. […]...

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Privacy in Public Spaces: A Human Rights Perspective/ Ehsan Haghani

Since legal systems gradually became instruments for exerting individual power over individuals and enforcing obedience to the commands of authority, the nature and use of laws have changed and turned into systems for reflecting the collective will and safeguarding individual rights. Systems based on the rule of law have emerged, increasingly emphasizing the importance and […]...

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Hijab in the Islamic Republic; goal or means? / Keyumars Amiri

Roujan is an 11-year-old girl who is studying in fifth grade in Karaj. Before going to school, she had a happy and sweet life in a warm family environment with her parents, sister, and brother. She was free and full of energy in her childish imagination. But since she had to go to school and […]...

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