Stress and Psychological Impacts of Communication Restrictions on Users/ Alireza Goodarzi

To have a simple voice or video call with friends living outside Iran, I sometimes have to open and close several apps before one finally connects us for a few minutes. They can’t access domestic platforms, and we can’t use most international apps. I have to try multiple VPNs to find one that works. One […]...

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From the Ban on Showerheads to Internet Filtering / Fereshteh Goli

To understand the history of internet filtering in Iran, we need to go back to the early years following the victory of the February 1979 Revolution. As soon as the Islamic Republic was established, it declared many cultural topics—and generally anything that carried the scent of technology—either forbidden or subject to bizarre restrictions and censorship […]...

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Historical Evolution and Contemporary Challenges of Qisas in Law/ Mostafa Ahmadian

The essence of qisas (retributive justice) has long been based on a natural law: “You kill, you are killed; an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” This well-known principle existed long before the emergence of Abrahamic religions. Historical stone carvings—including the Code of Hammurabi, which dates back to 1800 BCE and […]...

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Sara Siyahpoor, activist: Iranian women have learned the correct language and behavior of struggle/ Reza Dehlavi.

Since the beginning of the trade unions’ activities, there have been women activists who, alongside men, have fought for the rights of teachers and students. However, the presence of “women” in the teachers’ union movement has become more prominent since 2013 (1392). Their participation has significantly strengthened the teachers’ ability to pursue their union goals. […]...

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