The Pezeshkian administration is set to implement a regulatory framework for overseeing border trade practices, specifically kulbari (manual border transport) and tehlanji (small-scale maritime trade). Under this framework, the government plans to manage $4 to $7 billion worth of annual imports conducted through kulbari. Abdolnaser Hemmati, Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance, announced during a […]...

Kolbari and sukhatabari are laborious occupations that a significant percentage of citizens are engaged in due to the lack of suitable and equal job opportunities. Every year, a large number of kolbars and sukhatabars are injured and killed as a result of military shootings, falling from mountains, and freezing in Iran. On the fifth of […]...

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In pursuit of expanding the powers of law enforcement and military personnel in the use of weapons, the proposed amendment to the Arms Use Law, particularly the granting of authority to security and plainclothes officers, has raised the greatest concern among legal experts and human rights activists. This puts one of the most fundamental human […]...

Is might right? The law on the use of weapons by law enforcement officers in necessary situations was passed in 1373 (1994) and was drafted in the prevailing conditions after the end of the eight-year war. It seems that the aim of this law was to prevent shooting at civilians and reduce the use of […]...

The term “Kolbar” is a painful one for people due to the occurrence of some bitter events, such as the killing and death of Kolbars in the snowy mountains of Kurdistan. It is a pain that is caused by the lack of jobs, factories and workshops in their hometowns, and the deprivation of any remedy […]...

“This is where the sound of wolves is louder”, is the name of a book that narrates the lives of the Kurdish Kolbars and their suffering in the Horaman region in the form of a novel. As Adel Khalefi, the author of the book, has narrated in an interview with the media, the sound of […]...

After the end of the war between Iran and Iraq in 1367 solar year, many landmines were left in border areas, mainly in Kurdish provinces in the west of the country. We witness daily human and civilian casualties in that region, especially among the kolbars. Despite the claims of the country’s officials, this cycle of […]...

Why are there harsh and violent encounters with border citizens, which even lead to their death? Is the reason for such deterrent actions justified? Is being a kolbar a result of unemployment and if so, why isn’t there any effort to combat unemployment? To what extent has the implementation of suitcase trading and the establishment […]...

Osman Mozin, a first-degree lawyer, received his bachelor’s degree in law from Tehran University and then studied private law at Shahid Beheshti University for his master’s degree. He is currently practicing law in Tehran and Kurdistan and has been actively involved in cases related to children’s rights and minorities. He has taken on many cases […]...

Over the past years, at least once a day, group media have been whispering a sentence in our ears: “A kolbar was killed at the border.” The phenomenon of kolbari cannot exist without prerequisites and backgrounds such as an imbalanced economy and security approaches. The lack of investment and suitable job opportunities leaves no choice […]...