The supplementary constitutional law, as far as the writer’s research has shown, is the first official document in which the rights of the nation are mentioned and these rights are guaranteed.

The speed of affairs and the focus on forming the parliament during the drafting of the Constitutional Monarchy law caused this law to primarily focus on the parliament and the organization of government affairs, leaving out sections related to the rights of the nation, to the extent that this law became known as the “system regulations”. To fill this gap, later on, an addendum was added to this law, addressing other aspects related to the Constitutional law.

Many of the principles in this supplement are among the most shining provisions that a progressive and human rights-based law can recognize and guarantee, but a noticeable duality is evident in all its lines. The supplement is caught between human rights and sharia, and between national sovereignty and divine legitimacy. Many principles have remained sterile by using phrases such as “unless it is forbidden by sharia,” “not the cause of religious strife,” “except for deviant books and harmful substances to religion,” and have become devoid of their existential philosophy. This duality goes so far as to oblige the law in Article 39 to expand and support the Twelver Shia.

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No king can sit on the throne of sovereignty unless he is present in the National Council meeting before his coronation, with the presence of the members of the National Council, the Senate, and the Cabinet, and takes the following oath:

I bear witness to the Almighty God and His glorious words, and I swear by what is honorable in the eyes of God that I will devote myself to safeguarding the independence of Iran, preserving the boundaries and rights of the nation, and upholding the Constitution of the Constitutional Monarchy of Iran. I will also abide by its laws and promote the Ja’fari Twelver religion. In all my actions, I will consider God as my witness and supervisor, with no intention other than the prosperity and greatness of the Iranian government and people. I seek assistance from God in serving the progress of Iran and ask for the intercession of the holy spirits of the guardians of Islam.

In fact, this principle of existential philosophy compromises the rule of government, which is the defense of national interests and the preservation of security, with favoritism towards a religion and its promotion, which are two completely distant and contradictory concepts.

The thirty-fifth principle also states: monarchy is a divine trust bestowed by the nation upon a designated king.

The origin that Dehkhoda writes about years later, referring to it.

“In a country where ignorance has taken the place of knowledge, force has replaced justice, and illusions have taken the place of realities, monarchy is also a divine gift.”

There is a lot of meaning in this supplement. It means that the first principle is to pay attention to the official religion before anything else, and the second principle is to enforce the laws passed by the representatives of the nation, subject to the signature of the mujtahids and religious scholars.

But let us leave aside the discussion of the duality of human rights and divine rights – although we know better than anyone today that there is no room for ignorance – the supplementary constitution has been very progressive in the field of national rights. Below, we briefly mention some of these principles:

Eighth principle: The people of Iran will be equal before the law of the government.

Ninth principle: Individuals are protected and immune from any kind of attack in terms of their lives, wealth, housing, and honor, and no one can be attacked except by the order and arrangement specified by the laws of the country.

Tenth Principle: Except in cases of committing misdemeanors, crimes, and major offenses, no one can be arrested immediately unless by written order of the chief of the judiciary court according to the law. In that case, the accused must be informed and notified of the charges within twenty-four hours.

Principle Eleven: No one can be prevented from being judged by the court that is supposed to pass judgment on them and be forced to resort to another court.

Twelfth principle: No punishment shall be imposed or executed except by law.

Principle Thirteen: Every person’s home and house is protected and safe, and no one can enter any dwelling without the permission and arrangement prescribed by the law.

Chapter 14: No Iranian can be denied or forced to reside in a specific place, unless specified by law.

Fifteenth principle: No property can be taken away from its owner except with a legal permit, and even then, after determining and confirming a fair price.

Article 16: Confiscation of people’s properties and assets as punishment and policy is prohibited unless by the order of the law.

Article 17: Depriving owners and possessors of their properties and possessions by any means is prohibited, except by the order of the law.

The eighteenth principle: The pursuit of education and learning in sciences, knowledge, and industries is free, except for what is prohibited by law.