Jamal Hosseini: Our activities were thorns in the eyes of the security apparatus. The year 88 is a specific time period that was influenced by the political changes in the country, and the security forces began to crack down on civil organizations and human rights defenders, with the aim of seriously stopping their activities. For […]...

Comparison of Civil Society in Iran before and after the Revolution The study of revolution and events of the new government is mostly pursued in a sociological and scientific manner, given the intensity of political pressures after the revolution and the treatment of opponents and critics, as well as the volume of executions. A general […]...

Paying attention to human rights in Iran by international institutions has always been a challenge due to the policies and regimes governing the country. The political leaders of Iran, with a feudalistic view towards the Iranian people, consider any critical perspective on human rights as interference in their internal affairs. The Universal Declaration of Human […]...

The term “cyber terrorism” was coined by Barry Collin in the 1980s. Today, “cyber terrorism” is more dangerous than traditional terrorism. Cyber terrorism can be defined as planned and targeted actions with political and non-personal motives against computers, facilities, and stored programs through the global internet network, with the goal of destroying or causing serious […]...

The spread of internet and virtual space has led to the growth of the phenomenon of filtering and censorship, and the fight against filtering and attempts to bypass it have been equally prevalent. However, filtering and censorship in virtual space is not an occurrence exclusive to Iran and the Islamic Republic; almost all governments, for […]...

Perhaps in many moments that have passed in human history, after wars, there have been times when humans have presented new definitions for new situations; in fact, after each encounter, it seems that an effort has been made to learn and with the presence of objectivity in the historical process, human mentality has also taken […]...

Regarding cyberspace, a complete and definitive definition has not yet been presented, but based on multiple definitions, it can be said that “cyber” is a prefix that refers to activities related to computers and electronics. According to one of these definitions, “cyberspace is an operational domain that utilizes information through interconnected systems and their integrated […]...

The Cyber Police of Iran, also known as FATA, is a specialized unit of the law enforcement force of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its duty is to control the cyber space, including combating moral offenses and confronting opponents of the Iranian government, particularly after the unrest following the 2009 presidential election. This unit was […]...

The first legal draft related to acid attacks was passed in February 1959. This law stipulates that “anyone who intentionally causes the death of someone by spraying acid or any other chemical compounds will be sentenced to death. If the victim suffers permanent disability or loss of one of their senses, the perpetrator will be […]...

“Enjoining good and forbidding evil holds a special place in the intellectual and practical framework of Muslims. Although this action is not a religious decree, it is considered a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence. Many Muslims believe that performing these two actions is necessary for the preservation and survival of the religion’s essence and foundation. […]...

“Sab” in the dictionary means cursing. (Dehkhoda Dictionary) However, in other dictionaries, “sab” is also mentioned as meaning condemnation and damnation. (Moein Dictionary) Cursing the Prophet (Islam’s messenger), cursing the infallible Imams (twelve pure Imams), and cursing the infallibles (the Prophet, the twelve Imams, and Fatima Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet) as well as […]...

Peace Treaty – During World War II, when the United Nations Charter was being drafted, respect for human rights and certain political freedoms became a focus for representatives of various countries around the world. After some time, United Nations It was designed for these rights to be applicable everywhere and for all nations. In continuation, […]...