Responsiveness of officials to the people demonstrates the demands of citizens at the forefront of governance and introduces leaders as servants of the people in action. Through the principle of accountability, not only can the demands of citizens be obtained in a desirable manner, but the legitimacy of the political system will also significantly face […]...

Simultaneously with any challenge against the institution of advocacy, the issue of the presence of an independent lawyer in litigation is raised. But what is meant by this claim? Some say that since lawyers receive a fee for their work, they should not claim to be defenders of people’s rights. Do lawyers have a response […]...

Taxation and financial provision for government expenses through it, in recent years and after the intensification of US sanctions, has become one of the main economic discussions in Iran. Although taxation is an effective measure in developed and developing economies, in the current situation of Iran, it has turned into a solution in the hands […]...

It has been almost twenty-three years since the formation of teachers’ unions; twenty-three years accompanied by suppression, arrests, and expulsions. Union activities, which were hindered from the very beginning by a security-oriented government, are still under pressure and subject to suppression. Despite all of this, not only were these unions able to continue their activities […]...

The film “Hero”, written and directed by Asghar Farhadi, tells the story of a young man named “Rahim” who is played by “Amir Jadidi” brilliantly. Rahim has divorced his wife and has a teenage son who stutters. He is in prison because of a 70,000 tomans debt to his former boss and bankruptcy – which […]...

More than ever, censorship and inspection policies by authoritarian governments have taken complex forms, to the point that in societies under the rule of tyranny and cultural suffocation, censorship and the policy of elimination have become a guillotine. In Iran, the issue of censorship, both in the Shah regime and in the Islamic Republic, has […]...

The legal and executive situation regarding the issue of hijab is very complicated. This complexity has become even more strange since the start of the “Women, Life, Freedom” movement last year. Text messages about uncovering hijab, confiscation of cars, the hijab and chastity bill, nighttime arrests, internet taxis, online businesses, yogurt containers, the sealing of […]...

The purpose of writing this article is not to criticize the laws set in the country. Although numerous laws have been drafted and implemented in the years 1361, 1365, 1374, 1384, 1392, and most recently in the month of Ordibehesht of 1402 by various institutions such as the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Supreme […]...

In modern civilized societies, the establishment of criminal laws falls solely within the jurisdiction of the legislative body (parliament), which is derived from the will of the majority of citizens. The legislative authorities, using this legal capacity and taking into account the desires and will of the general public, as well as the necessities and […]...

Iranian women have been standing hand in hand for nearly a year now, against one of the most brutal and oppressive regimes ruling the world. After the tragic death of Mahsa Amini, they have filled their lives with the sweetness of a serious, courageous, and persistent struggle for freedom. They have taken off the forced […]...

The topic of hijab is one of the main topics in the social sphere that, after the victory of the revolution in 1357, has become one of the issues, or better to say, problems between the people and the government. The issue of mandatory hijab for women has been a subject of debate among many […]...

Analysis of the proposed materials in the “Chastity and Hijab” bill, according to the principles and rules defined in the Islamic Penal Code and the Law on Reduction of Enhancing Penalties, although necessary, is not as important as the author believes. What is more important, in the author’s opinion, is the expression of the philosophical […]...