Sports in Iran; Masculine and Centered/Mohsen Farshidi
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Mohsen Farshidi
Discrimination has different layers. A person can experience various forms of discrimination based on their place of birth, skin color, mother tongue, age, sexual orientation, religion, or beliefs. However, the most widespread type of discrimination is gender-based discrimination. In Iran, women, as half of the population, regardless of their place of birth, mother tongue, religion, or skin color, are subjected to various forms of discrimination and injustices simply because they are women. But when a citizen in Iran is a Kurdish, Baloch, Turkish, or Arab woman, and their religion, beliefs, or mother tongue are different from what is officially recognized in the capital, they face more complex and severe forms of discrimination.
Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, women have been systematically removed from various social spheres. Traditions and patriarchal cultures, which have a historical background and were not limited to the past four decades, along with discriminatory laws, have restricted and limited women’s space in the country in the past few decades. One of these spaces was sports facilities and spaces. After the eight-year war, when sports slowly regained its place in Iran, its overall policies were seen as single-gendered and masculine, and all laws were based on the idea that women should be confined to their homes and household chores, and that other spaces outside the home, including sports, were reserved for men.
Women’s sports; center-oriented, limited, and with compulsory coverage.
In the past decade, with the efforts and struggles of women, they have entered society, including spaces and sports activities, despite the desires and wishes of men in power. However, this presence has always been faced with discrimination, obstacles, and numerous limitations. Today, with advancements in technology and information, it is no secret that the clothing and attire of athletes have a significant impact on their progress and success. Female athletes in Iran, whether in domestic or international competitions, are forced to participate with non-standard clothing. The designated sports spaces for them are mostly located in central and large cities and are more limited compared to men. Public and urban spaces are also mostly dominated by men due to patriarchal traditions and beliefs, as well as existing insecurity. In the past years, few sports spaces for women in some villages and small cities have been given to men with the excuse that women did not welcome them. Even well-known and experienced women’s sports teams in smaller cities do not receive support from officials. In
Watching sports competitions; women are not allowed to enter.
Discrimination against women in sports is not limited to just participating in athletic activities. Many sporting events are also prohibited for women to attend. In the past years, equality activists have made great efforts to eliminate these restrictions, but so far, these efforts have not resulted in any significant change. Religious extremists and conservative leaders are the main opponents of women’s presence in sports stadiums. Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi, in response to a question about women’s presence in stadiums, says, “The atmosphere in sports is not suitable for women to be present, and it is no doubt that the mixing of young people and their freedom is the source of many moral and social problems. In addition, in some sports, men do not have appropriate attire in the presence of women, so it is necessary for them to refrain from attending these events.” He, being a influential religious leader, also does not consider broadcasting women’s sports events or women watching men’s sports events on media as “permissible” and
The empty spot of support for male athletes.
In recent years, women have made great efforts to reduce discrimination in sports in Iran. They have worked hard to ensure that sports facilities are not limited to major cities and that women across the country can benefit from them. However, the lack of support from male athletes is clearly felt. In the past, when women were banned from watching football or volleyball matches, they would still participate in the games despite protests. Niloufar Ardalan, captain of the national futsal team, was banned from participating in the Asian Games due to discriminatory laws and not being allowed to travel with her husband. Despite widespread protests from civil society activists and advocates for equality, male athletes did not show their support for her. Countless other forms of discrimination have also occurred in the past, with male athletes continuing to participate in their games without paying attention to them. The reality is that the support of male athletes, who have a lot of fame and popularity in society, can make the path for women to achieve their most
Discrimination against women; global and widespread
Sports has been a male-dominated field since its inception and women have always been kept on the sidelines. In the past century, with extensive changes in global society, countries have become aware of the importance of gender equality and have formulated and implemented laws in this regard. Gender stereotypes, such as men being strong and women being weak, are taught to children. According to these stereotypes, many sports are considered “masculine” and there are numerous obstacles and restrictions for women to participate in them. Although this incorrect and unequal view has faded in some countries, on a global scale, men still have more opportunities and receive more attention in the world of sports media. They also have more access to wealth and receive higher prizes and salaries.
To bring about change in such a situation, the increased presence of women in all sports fields and international competitions, the elimination of discriminatory laws, equal pay, and equal opportunities among all members of society, regardless of their gender or geographical location, will be effective.
Centering Discrimination against women Mohsen Farshidi Sportsmen The Malavan football team The women's football team of Malavan. Women Women athletes Women's sports پیمان صلح ماهنامه خط صلح ماهنامه خط صلح