Fair trial from arrest to trial/ Lohrasb Kouhestani

The interval between the moment of arrest and the day of trial is the most sensitive, critical, and at the same time the most vulnerable part of the criminal justice process. It is during this period that the individual is directly confronted with the powerful and organized machine of state prosecution; while his guilt has […]...

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Law and Violence Behind Prison Walls/ Morteza Hamounian

It is no longer strange for officers to shoot at people in the streets and in the face of public protests. Of course, it was strange at one time; an air shot in the ceiling would scare everyone, wondering why the security officers had started shooting. But today, and especially after what happened in 2009, […]...

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Why Independent Monitoring Is Part of the Minimum Standards for the Treatment of Prisoners/ Shabnam Moinipour

When prison doors close, the state does more than deprive a person of liberty. Water, food, medication, sleep, light, contact with family, access to a lawyer, the ability to lodge a complaint, and even the recording of what has happened to the prisoner all come under the control of the institution responsible for the detention. […]...

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Death in Custody and State Responsibility/ Diako Moradi

Deaths in custody are among the most sensitive issues in international human rights law and one of the most significant indicators for assessing a state’s commitment to the rule of law. When an individual is deprived of liberty, the state assumes not only the authority to restrict that person’s freedom but also the direct responsibility […]...

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Rights of the accused during detention/Raha Sabet Sarvestani

The right to a fair trial is one of the most fundamental human rights and one of the most important guarantees for the protection of human dignity in contemporary legal systems. This right is not limited to the trial stage, but begins from the very first moments of deprivation of liberty. The experience of various […]...

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Why no court should rely on forced confessions/Hermineh Hourdad

Forced confession is one of the most well-known tools of human rights abuse in authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. In such regimes, confession is used not only as evidence to prove a crime, but also as a means to legitimize government actions, create public fear, discredit opponents, and shape the official narrative of events. Historical experience […]...

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Society and National Security: Rethinking the Social Foundations of Security in Iran/ Mina Javani

In periods of heightened external threats, the concept of national security naturally becomes the focus of public policymaking. In such circumstances, the expansion of state authority, the strengthening of security institutions, and the restriction of certain civil liberties are often justified by invoking the “necessity of security.” This logic is based on the assumption that […]...

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Is it possible to live a good life in an unjust world? / Samira Hanaei

The world has once again become accustomed to war. Images of destruction, displacement and death flash before our eyes every day; so much so that we sometimes forget that behind every image, there was a human being. However, not all victims are seen equally. For some deaths, official ceremonies are held, the media writes about […]...

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Motherhood, under the burden of autism/Pardis Parsa

Early parent-child interactions form the foundation for a child’s psychosocial development in the context of society. However, exposure to a neurodevelopmental disorder in a child presents fundamental challenges to this cognitive structure and preconceived parenting goals. Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction, verbal and […]...

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How do women pay the highest price for economic crisis and war?/ Elahe Amani

War fundamentally transforms the labor market by destroying infrastructure, massive population displacement, collapsing economic activity, disrupting education and health systems, and rupturing social networks. Although the consequences of war affect all segments of society, its economic effects on women are deeper and more lasting, as women not only face reduced job opportunities, income, and economic […]...

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Minimum Standard for Treating Prisoners; A work by Motaharah Jafari

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