Tannaz Kolahchian: Under the New Law on Intensifying Espionage, Any Citizen Can Be Accused of Espionage/ Ali Kalaei

After the adoption and communication of the “Law on Intensifying Punishment for Espionage and Cooperation with the Zionist Regime and Hostile States Against National Security and Interests” in October 2025 (Mehr 1404), concerns have intensified in Iran over the expansion of the security atmosphere, the broadening of criminalization, and the escalation of severe punishments, including […]...

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Comparing the New Law on Intensifying Punishment for Espionage with Previous Laws/ Sina Yousefi

In contemporary criminal law systems, the crime of espionage has always been classified among the most serious offenses against national security, because it concerns attacks on the fundamental interests of the state and the disclosure of information that may endanger the country’s political, military, or diplomatic security. However, the gravity of this crime has never […]...

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Examining the Ambiguity and Expansion of the Crime of Espionage in Iranian Criminal Law/ Mousa Barzin

After the 12-day war between Iran and Israel, the number of cases related to espionage and cooperation with hostile states increased significantly. The atmosphere in the country after the war became highly securitized, and the government tried to show that a significant part of the damage and blows suffered had resulted from intelligence infiltration and […]...

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Repression and Execution Under the Unforgivable Charge of Espionage/ Morteza Hamounian

Each time, the government finds a new pretext to take human lives; a government that, throughout its existence, has shown that it places no value on the lives of citizens. The latest example became clear during the war between the United States and Israel and Iran, when it was revealed that for years, massive budgets […]...

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