Internet Shutdowns During Wartime: Legitimate Defense or a Silent Violation of Human Rights?/ Nafiseh Motlagh

In the contemporary world, access to the internet is considered one of the vital pillars of social and economic life, and even a condition for the survival of citizens. However, this reality has not yet been explicitly recognized in international law—neither as an “independent human right” nor as a “critical infrastructure.” This legal gap has […]...

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Information Security or Narrative Control?/ Hadi Aghazari

This article is being written at a time when more than one thousand hours have passed since the widespread internet shutdown in Iran, justified on the grounds of maintaining security. During this period, communication between Iranians inside and outside the country has been seriously disrupted, and access for those inside the country to the outside […]...

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Does the dream of unlimited and free access to information come true?; A conversation with Mehdi Yahyanejad, the director of the Toseh project/ Siavash Khoramgah

The “Toushe” project, which has recently been launched, has provided users with the ability to receive and transfer video, text, and other digital content mostly available on the internet through a satellite channel of the same name to their computers. This method of sending and receiving information has been launched for the first time in […]...

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