The consequences of the twelve-day post-war period: economic crisis, infrastructure collapse, and systematic violation of human rights / Ahmad Alavi

After the 12-day war between Iran and Israel, a destructive ceasefire was established. However, contrary to expectations of reconstruction and tension reduction, the structure of the Islamic Republic’s government intensified political and economic pressures, deepening existing crises. This note, with an analytical approach based on human rights indicators, examines the economic, social, and legal consequences […]...

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New Control Tool: Critics’ SIM Card Disconnect/ Fereshteh Goli

Nowadays, having a SIM card is one of the necessities of life in the digital and virtual world, and any deprivation of this right for anyone can be considered a tragedy. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has emphasized the importance of access to communication tools as a human right in several official documents, especially in […]...

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The right to access the internet is suspended/ Mohammad Hadi Jafarpour

A few days before the start of the twelve-day war, the issue of internet classification caused some political and civil activists to criticize the decision, referring to the president’s promise to remove filtering. Such restrictions on citizens’ rights are being imposed while in the country’s political-judicial structure, various rules and laws have been formulated and […]...

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Wounds that are still healing / Mahtab Alinjad

In the heart of the night, the sound of sirens passes through the sleeping cities. The sky is on fire, walls tremble, and the silence of homes is shattered. War, this merciless word, has once again awakened from the slumber of history and cast its shadow over the lives of humans. But amidst the ruins, […]...

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During the external bombardment, internal censorship and women in the forefront of the narrative / Elaheh Amani

“In war, women and children are the first victims, even before the conflicts begin seriously.”.*   War is gendered, not neutral. The wounds of war are not only on bodies, but also in lives that are forever changed, and it is women who carry these wounds silently. The costs and consequences of war disproportionately burden […]...

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Parvaneh Salahshouri: If This Stubbornness Toward the People Continues, Predicting the Future Will Be Difficult / Ali Kalaei

In the aftermath of the twelve-day war and the suspension that has cast a shadow over Iranian society and daily life, we spoke with Dr. Parvaneh Salahshouri—sociologist and former member of the Iranian Parliament—to ask her about the government’s handling of the war, her analysis of Iranian society—often regarded by many sociologists as a movement-oriented […]...

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Mohammad Hossein Saket, Former Supreme Court Judge and Justice: “You Cannot Defend Justice with an Axe”/ Pedram Tahsini

Mohammad Hossein Saket is a retired judge, former justice of the Supreme Court of Iran, university professor, and practicing attorney. He has authored works in the fields of law and Islamic studies, including books and articles on legal procedures in Islamic law, a historical perspective on the philosophy of law, legal theory, legal advocacy, and […]...

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Attack on Prisons During Wartime: Solution or Tragedy?/ Majid Shia Ali

There is precedent in modern military history for air assaults on prisons. In some cases, such incidents result from operational errors or misfires during broader military campaigns. One of the most tragic examples occurred in May 1999, when NATO launched strikes in response to the Serbian army’s ethnic repression of Kosovar Albanians. Among the multiple […]...

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Espionage: The Regime’s Worn-Out Tool to Silence Dissent/ Reza Alijani

Onstage and Behind the Scenes of the Ratification of Article Nine of the Constitution Article 9 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran states: “In the Islamic Republic of Iran, freedom, independence, unity, and the territorial integrity of the country are inseparable, and preserving them is the duty of the government and all […]...

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Revisiting the Role of the Media in the Twelve-Day War/ Mina Javani

In times of crisis—particularly within the context of military conflicts—the media move beyond their conventional role as mere transmitters of information. They become active agents in shaping public opinion, constructing dominant narratives, and organizing collective emotions. The twelve-day war between Iran and Israel once again demonstrated that the battlefield is not confined to weaponry and […]...

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Children’s Rights in Armed Conflicts: An Examination of the Twelve-Day War Between Iran and Israel/ Abouzar Zaman

The twelve-day war between Iran and Israel was a short-term armed conflict that caused devastating physical, psychological, and financial harm to civilians. Of particular importance is an examination of the rights of children—the most vulnerable group in society—who were directly affected by this war, as well as the responsibilities of governments in this regard. These […]...

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The Twelve-Day War and Unprotected Civilians in Iran/ Sina Yousefi

Following the twelve-day conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the State of Israel, the issue of civilian protection during armed conflict—one of the fundamental and imperative principles of international humanitarian law—has gained renewed urgency and relevance. The nature of modern warfare, often marked by aerial and missile attacks on urban areas, places civilian […]...

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