City as a Territory: Reproducing Inequalities through Spatial Policies in Tehran / Mina Javani

The division between center and periphery is one of the fundamental mechanisms shaping economic, social, and cultural inequalities in modern societies. This distinction, which is reproduced in historical and structural contexts, is not only evident in macro-level policies, but also in the smallest elements of urban life. The recent decision by the Tehran City Council […]...

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The Importance of Public Transportation for Human Rights / Alireza Goodarzi

Human rights have a relatively long but limited list. Every year, some claims are added to them, but what we recognize as human rights are still those that are included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two Covenants – namely the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant […]...

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Sustainable Urban Planning: Revisiting Automotive Infrastructure/ Maryam Khajouandi and Mehrush Khajouandi

Finias Harper writes, instead of desperate efforts to reduce traffic congestion on roads in the short term, policymakers should use traffic as a tool to make urban transportation more sustainable. New research claims that London’s roads are the busiest in the world. However, instead of wasting money and emitting uncontrollable greenhouse gases by building new […]...

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Urban Traffic Management/Amir Ali Mahzoon

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