On the day when a large group of women gathered in front of Naser al-Din Shah’s carriage and advised him to improve the affairs, a new era had begun and the era of Iranian women’s social presence had arrived. These were the same women who were previously only seen inside their homes and had no […]...

Sharing knowledge and information is a part of cultural, social, and political activities through digital technologies. Thanks to the internet, information is shared and spread quickly. That’s why we like to share our favorite cultural information with others. For this reason, we produce shared information and works such as Wikipedia or some free software. ACTA, […]...

Iranian women have had a subordinate social and economic position compared to Iranian men during past centuries. In her research on the history of Iranian women, Massoumeh Price writes that the documented struggles of women for freedom began in the 19th century, where Fatemeh Baraghani, also known as Tahereh or Qurrat al-Ayn, a professor of […]...

من یک دانشجوی رشته مهندسی هستم I am a student of engineering. Do you know the origin of mandatory hijab in the 1957 revolution? In my opinion, it is not possible to answer this question in this way; because in the success of the 1957 revolution, various groups played a role, from religious forces to […]...

On February 5, 1979, Kayhan newspaper published the following headline: “Women must go to offices with hijab.” In fact, it had only been a month since the victory of the 1357 Revolution when Ayatollah Khomeini, in a speech at the Refah School, criticized the government of Engineer Bazargan for not being revolutionary enough and said: […]...

Some religious and conservative forces in the Iranian government, whenever the issue of hijab and chastity is raised, speak from a woman’s instinct and rely on statistical or psychoanalytic analysis of a single case, rather than a discourse analysis of women’s text. They use a lazy source that refers to the text “Narina – Axis”: […]...

When ideology penetrates into the core of truth, we witness the emergence of phenomena that demand deep contemplation independent of preconceptions. Laws and their enforcement are used by the mechanisms and power relations to control and monitor individuals in society, which in itself is a source of numerous challenges and conflicts. In fact, the implementation […]...

Iranians must open many knots with their hands or teeth to achieve sustainable and fair development, but perhaps opening any of these knots, such as the issue of hijab, freedom of sexual relationships, and acceptance of women’s social freedoms, may not be as difficult and complicated as it seems in people’s minds. This is while […]...

Introduction According to its linguistic definition, hijab means to cover or veil, encompassing a comprehensive meaning. Sufis also consider hijab as a veil that separates humans from the closeness to God, and they divide it into two categories: oppressive and luminous. But nowadays, hijab has become synonymous with covering the body. The meaning that quickly […]...