Deepening Class Divides Through Inequality in Affordability and Access/ Amin Ghazaei

The deepening of class divisions is structurally rooted in the cycle of production within the capitalist system. Since the minimum wage of the working class is always determined by the minimum required to reproduce labor power, while on the other hand, the wealth of capitalists accumulates through cycles of investment and production, class disparity continuously […]...

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From Financial Gains to Security Policies: Filtering and the VPN Sales Mafia in Iran/ Seyed Mohammad Sohofi

Unofficial reports suggest that the financial turnover from VPN sales in Iran is remarkably high due to the widespread use of these tools and the lack of transparency in this market. With the sharp rise in demand for VPNs following the widespread filtering of social media platforms such as Instagram, WhatsApp, X (formerly Twitter), Telegram, […]...

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Human Rights in the Grip of Internet Filtering/ Sina Yousefi

Filtering, as a tool for controlling and restricting access to information, has always been a controversial issue in the realm of cybersecurity and human rights violations. This policy, often justified by concepts such as national security, territorial integrity, public order, and the system’s interests, can, in practice, lead to serious violations of freedom of expression, […]...

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From the Ban on Showerheads to Internet Filtering / Fereshteh Goli

To understand the history of internet filtering in Iran, we need to go back to the early years following the victory of the February 1979 Revolution. As soon as the Islamic Republic was established, it declared many cultural topics—and generally anything that carried the scent of technology—either forbidden or subject to bizarre restrictions and censorship […]...

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A look at the disappearance of independence in the home entertainment network / Arash Chakari

If we want to summarize the history of Iranian television after 1357 in one sentence, we can write: A huge cultural and artistic gap between the reality of society and the programs produced. A gap that was mostly evident between the years 68 to 78. The atmosphere of revolutionary society and the subsequent eight-year war […]...

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