After the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic in Iran, one of the main challenges of the government was the control of universities and the dominant atmosphere within them. The government attempted to monitor, intervene, and tightly control the university environment through various methods, and this thinking was also referred to as […]...

One of the most important issues that is currently being discussed in society is determining the boundary of “civil disobedience” with law-breaking, legalism, and the religious term “oppression”. The attention to this issue has led to the question of the relationship between ethics and law, justice and ethics, or in a religious perspective, the interaction […]...

The fourteenth presidential election, regardless of its outcome, had another characteristic that sparked many debates and controversies in society. The low participation of people in both stages of the election and the boycott of it by the majority of the society, has been defined as the beginning of a new era of political action by […]...

Based on the principles of the constitution and legal and religious rules, no authority or entity in any position or situation has the right to issue orders or take actions without legal permission and against legal rules. This obvious and clear rule has been accepted and confirmed by all human societies since ancient times. Even […]...

A book is considered one of the most important tools for the transmission and dissemination of ideas. Therefore, one of the important measures of freedom of expression in a society is the freedom of individuals to express their thoughts and beliefs in the form of a book. Like all human rights and freedoms, freedom of […]...

The topic of discussion in the monthly magazine “Khat-e-Solh” with “Mostafa Tork Hamedani”, a lawyer and legal expert, is the issue of accountability of the government towards its citizens. He seeks the right to accountability in the eighth principle of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the matter of enjoining good […]...

Who is the government (in the broad sense) primarily accountable to? The answer is clear on one side and dark on the other. According to international law, the government (State) must be accountable to other governments for some of its actions. Unfortunately, the Islamic Republic of Iran has not done much to contribute to the […]...

The legal and executive situation regarding the issue of hijab is very complicated. This complexity has become even more strange since the start of the “Women, Life, Freedom” movement last year. Text messages about uncovering hijab, confiscation of cars, the hijab and chastity bill, nighttime arrests, internet taxis, online businesses, yogurt containers, the sealing of […]...

At first, it is necessary to have a general overview of concepts such as: what is history, what are historical monuments, the importance of preservation and how to protect them, and the responsibilities of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage. In addition, if time permits, crimes against cultural heritage should also be mentioned. The word history […]...

One of the challenges for Iranians is that, aside from the flaws and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic’s constitution, the government is not even loyal to its own laws and does not act upon them. We have seen numerous times that the rulers of the Islamic Republic, or their supporters and followers, use the cliché […]...

There are several major barriers to freedom of speech, one of which is the law. I see other barriers as: extra-legal restrictions, customs and norms of societies, pressure groups, and the inability of governments to guarantee the right to freedom of speech. “I defend this from a few examples. According to the 27th principle of […]...

Predicting criminal reactions (punishments) in relevant laws and their implementation through the judiciary is one of the ways to establish order and security and prevent encroachment on the rights of individuals in civilized societies. Since the conditions and implementation of punishments – despite the justifications and reasons that require adherence to them – are still […]...