Philosophical schools of thought in legal theory differ significantly on the legal legitimacy of activities such as fortune-telling, amulet writing, palm reading, psychic readings, mind reading, and all services based on claims of supernatural powers. Libertarians argue for the legality of these businesses, claiming that as long as individuals voluntarily and willingly purchase such services […]...

The present article is dedicated to the approach of human rights activists towards the process of forced confession and retribution in the prisons of despotic rulers. How the captive is forced to express repentance and remorse to the point where he even turns his back on his ideals and values ​​and accepts the values […]...

Economic indicators consider poverty as a “reduction in quality of life” or “deprivation”, meaning a decrease in access to material resources. Measuring the decline in income compared to the poverty line (poverty line index) or the decrease in purchasing power are major methods for calculating the level of poverty. In sociological studies, the social effects […]...

Does emerging technology strengthen individual freedoms or make authoritarian governments more capable of controlling and monitoring citizens? In response to this issue, there has always been a simple analytical framework: on one hand, information technology, with the emergence of the internet and later social networks, facilitates and accelerates the free flow of information and increases […]...

The goal of this article is to familiarize with the key role and function of whistleblowers in holding the government accountable, especially in appointed and bureaucratic sectors. Whistleblowing by a government employee from within a governmental institution is not only an act in the realm of media and news, but also a crucial element in […]...

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the progress of technology and mechanization of production processes, or automation, has caused waves of unemployment in the job market. Marx and other social theorists show that due to the reliance of production on the profits of capitalists, machines instead of reducing the workload of workers, lead to […]...

Freedom of speech, in the sense of recognizing the right of individuals to express their opinions, beliefs, and promote them through language or any kind of symbols (such as a sign or symbol), is essential. Governments like the Islamic Republic in Iran, which do not tolerate even the slightest dissenting speech or beliefs contrary to […]...

Since the beginning of nationwide protests and the uprising of the people, universities in the country have been witnessing widespread protests almost every day in the form of gatherings and sit-ins. According to statistics collected by Hrana, until the writing of this article, there have been hundreds of protest gatherings in one hundred and forty-four […]...

You can buy a great house with four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, but one person spent this amount to buy a house in the three-dimensional virtual environment of Metaverse to be in the neighborhood of a famous rap singer named Snoop Dogg. Only in January 2022, Metaverse properties were sold for eighty-five million dollars. […]...

This article attempts to answer the question of how decentralization in the political (and also administrative and economic) structure can lead to a reduction of internal conflicts and strengthen peaceful relations between people in different regions of a country. Initially, peace is defined here as the absence of war and conflict. Decentralization is also hastily […]...

The book “Pure Reason and Human Rights” written by Amin Ghazaei has been published by the Human Rights Activists Association in Iran. This book examines and presents a theory on the fundamental concepts of human rights. “On what grounds should a government grant its citizens freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly?” This is […]...

[/caption] No text provided. Please provide text to be translated. Amin Ghazaei When in early April of this year, the Islamic Republic, along with the negotiating team of the 5+1 countries, read a framework or draft of a possible agreement in the future (and with different readings!), some inside Iran, especially those who are supportive […]...