The Erosion of the Middle Class: A Test for Civil Society/ Mina Javani

The middle class is usually defined in terms of income level, consumption patterns, or educational attainment, as though the issue were merely one of drawing an economic boundary separating one segment of society from the lower and upper classes. Yet the historical and political significance of this class cannot be reduced to its economic position. […]...

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Selling Happiness on Social Media/ Pardis Parsa

In recent decades, with the dizzying speed of technological advancement and the growth of communication tools, people’s lives and their social relations have inevitably come under the influence of media. Social media platforms—especially image-based ones like Instagram, which entered the scene promising to eliminate distances—have, in practice, turned into the main stage for displaying social […]...

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Notes on Human and Gender Rights in Combating Drugs / Elaheh Amani

The text is not provided. Please provide the Farsi text so I can translate it to English. Thank you. Goddess Amani More than 55 years have passed since the declaration of the “War on Drugs” in the world. The year 1961 was when the first special convention of the United Nations on drugs was held. […]...

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