Gender inequality in criminal justice systems is an international problem that violates women’s human rights in all countries. Female prisoners are mostly from vulnerable and economically and socially disadvantaged backgrounds, and they experience double deprivation in prison, as the structure and culture of prisons have historically been designed for male prisoners. Despite the efforts of […]...

In Iran, all students sign a commitment when registering at university, stating that after passing the entrance exam, this commitment signature is considered a crucial requirement for entering university or academic spaces. If a student resists signing this commitment, they will not be allowed to register at the university. In the text that students sign, […]...

One of the prohibitions that was imposed after the February 1979 revolution due to the policies of the Islamic Republic, which aimed to separate men and women from each other, was the ban on women attending men’s sports competitions and vice versa in stadiums and sports arenas. In line with this policy, men are not […]...

“Rospi” women! This is a word that we have all heard of. It doesn’t matter where we are in this city, we have all seen them in every corner and neighborhood; when they are being chased like shadows, they listen to suggestions and even argue over high prices; that’s when you realize that near you, […]...

Without a doubt, what I see today on the streets of the country, especially in the capital, has no relation to “light”. What is being implemented under the name of “Light Plan” is, in other words, the same cultural cleansing that resulted in the death of Mahsa Amini and widespread protests across the country for […]...

The issue of mandatory hijab became a problem for the ruling government from the early days of the revolution in February 1979, and every time they try to come up with a plan or bill to solve it, they end up with no desired results and move on to another plan or bill. In less […]...

One of the characteristics of humans is the ability to think abstractly and use symbolism. Humans encode and mark their thoughts into a framework of verbal, visual, and auditory symbols and use these symbols and signs to convey their intended concepts. A “symbol” or “icon” within the framework of an object or image, and sometimes […]...

In recent years, research has shown that the Chinese government is trying to have complete control over society through big data collected from the internet. This authoritarian government uses this control to maintain its existing dictatorship in all aspects of citizens’ lives. The purpose of this control is not just suppression; rather, big data informs […]...

After widespread protests in Iran that began on September 22, 1982 and continue in various forms until now, the government temporarily and unofficially dismantled an institution called “Gasht-e Ershad”. However, apparently in recent weeks and with the start of the hot season in Iran, this institution has returned to the streets under the name “Noor […]...

In a classification, rights can be categorized into existing rights and desirable rights. What comes later and is compatible with its time, is desirable rights, and existing rights may not necessarily be compatible with current circumstances. However, what is recognized in society as legal norms and is referenced in courts, is existing rights. We may […]...

It has been nearly 45 years that Iranian women and girls have been continuously fighting against the mandatory hijab law in the Islamic Republic. The government has made every effort to force the black chador on all Iranian women, but has faced defeat. The result of 45 years of “Guidance Patrol” and “Enjoining Good” has […]...

From the fifteenth of Farvardin, when the leader of the Islamic Republic rose up with a high spirit from the principles and rules of jurisprudence, religion, rights, and ethics, and with the concept of “political taboo,” another war against unveiled women began. All military, police, security, and overt and covert forces have been mobilized to […]...