It seems that the main dividing point in dealing with sexual issues in different cultures around the world is the circle of legitimacy of these relationships. While in some societies, consensual same-sex relationships are protected and considered legitimate as citizens’ rights, in others, lawmakers do not accept even consensual heterosexual relationships. In Iran, like many […]...

Throughout human history, from the feudal era to the industrial age and the emergence of new indicators in human life and major changes in the way of production, the role of humans has also changed. In the modern world, men are no longer the only force in the labor market, and the position and role […]...

Basically, the position of women in Iran is only based on their gender and has been shaped by discriminatory laws imposed by the ruling authorities. They face extensive political, social, and economic limitations and deprivations, leading to a suffocating life. The freedom of dress for women has been taken away and replaced with mandatory hijab. […]...

Violence based on gender is considered one of the main violations of women’s rights and human rights. Violence against women violates their right to freedom and basic tranquility. This type of violation of human rights refers to any act of violence that results in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering for women. Women and […]...

The women’s movement in Iran refers to the social movement of Iranian women in various spheres, striving to obtain women’s rights and eliminate the subordinate position of women. This phenomenon can be seen during the years 1289 to 1311. Social movements are formed by dissatisfied groups with the current situation, challenging the existing social order […]...

The first rumors about the new law began to spread when Reza Shah was influenced by the democratic reforms in Afghanistan and Amanullah Khan and Queen Soraya of Afghanistan came to Iran in 1929. The Queen of Afghanistan was unveiled and caused controversy among Iranian clerics. They asked Reza Shah to force the Queen of […]...

During the early years of the revolution (in France), Mary was the symbol of the republic. Eventually, the imaginary image of Hercules replaced Mary, with Hercules representing the reconstruction and re-imaging of the government in a masculine form, a concept that still carried signs of domination. Rapid transformation and extensive political changes are important characteristics […]...

In the past few years, especially after the end of the Iran-Iraq war, the Islamic Republic has always been faced with the problem of youth rebellion and disobedience. It has consistently denied the existence of this deep social problem. Why? The simple reason is that the rebellion and disobedience of the youth is the best […]...

On February 5, 1979, Kayhan newspaper published the following headline: “Women must go to offices with hijab.” In fact, it had only been a month since the victory of the 1357 Revolution when Ayatollah Khomeini, in a speech at the Refah School, criticized the government of Engineer Bazargan for not being revolutionary enough and said: […]...

Some religious and conservative forces in the Iranian government, whenever the issue of hijab and chastity is raised, speak from a woman’s instinct and rely on statistical or psychoanalytic analysis of a single case, rather than a discourse analysis of women’s text. They use a lazy source that refers to the text “Narina – Axis”: […]...

When ideology penetrates into the core of truth, we witness the emergence of phenomena that demand deep contemplation independent of preconceptions. Laws and their enforcement are used by the mechanisms and power relations to control and monitor individuals in society, which in itself is a source of numerous challenges and conflicts. In fact, the implementation […]...

One of the social harms that society is facing today is violence, especially domestic violence, which manifests itself in various forms within the family institution. It has turned the home, which should be a warm, safe, and sheltering place for individuals, into a turbulent environment. The violence that patriarchy culture inflicts and sacrifices women and […]...