Torture, as an inappropriate and degrading behavior towards human dignity, has always been condemned and this moral condemnation has turned into a legal prohibition with the establishment of the rule of law in contemporary societies. However, like any other unethical and illegal act, this undesirable behavior has been used by rulers and their agents since […]...

The judicial system of the Islamic Republic, from its early days until now, has prioritized security and maintaining the status quo, making it a tool for all kinds of oppression and widespread human rights violations. In Iran, we do not have an independent judicial system. Article 57 of the Constitution states, “The governing powers in […]...

1. In the movie Once Upon a Time in America, David Aaronson (Robert De Niro) returns to his old neighborhood after years and gives a short and thought-provoking answer to the question “What have you been doing all these years?” He says, “I used to go to bed early at night!” Nighttime sleep is a […]...

One of the punitive reactions that currently exists in all criminal systems as a legal punishment is deprivation of freedom or imprisonment. This punishment is accompanied by harsh conditions for prisoners and these harsh conditions are considered part of the legal punishment. For example, the legislator has prescribed “imprisonment with hard labor” in the General […]...

On the eve of the February 1979 revolution, the construction of a prison on the outskirts of the capital was completed. This prison was ready for operation and launch in Mehr month of 1361 (2). Four decades later, Hamid Sefat, a famous rapper and singer, after the end of his imprisonment and release, released a […]...

The order of the head of the judiciary to release Rajai Shahr prison, which some media outlets have interpreted as an impulsive decision by the head of the judiciary, has raised many concerns. The relocation of Rajai Shahr prison could affect the situation of prisoners, the access of families to the prison, and the remaining […]...

On the date of April 10th of this year, the head of the judiciary announced that it is planned for Rajai Shahr prison, located in the city of Karaj, to be closed and relocated to another location. They cited the reason for this decision as the prison being located within the city of Karaj. However, […]...

We must think that prisons and punishments, in general, are not intended to eliminate crimes; they are mostly intended to differentiate crimes and to distribute and use them. Prisons and punishments do not only aim to discipline violators of the law, but they also aim to control violations of the law through a general tactic, […]...

It is rare for powers to build a memorial in condemnation or even criticism of their own actions. It is a dream if they even whisper a hidden line on a stone in the Vatican. My fault “But is there a small sign of the centuries of crimes of the Catholic Church? Is there a […]...

Transfer in prison is considered one of the most distressing experiences for an inmate, and the longer an inmate stays in a prison, the more distressing the transfer becomes – regardless of the destination. In fact, it can be even more distressing than one of the systematic abuses that are planned for prisoners, such as […]...

Definition of historical memory and its difference from history. If we study “history” officially and systematically through sources and remnants left by people in the past, the “historical memory” is that part of history which is transmitted socially, culturally, and politically through a group or community of people. Two features are mentioned to know the […]...

If we want to understand what goes on beneath the surface of a society and what the social, political, and cultural realities of a society are, we can look at its prisons. Prisons are a reflection of the entire society. The behavior that is exhibited in prisons with an inmate deprived of freedom can also […]...