Perhaps no object better illustrates water governance and management in Iran than the “aftabeh” (watering can). It is unclear exactly to which monarch’s era the historical origins of the aftabeh go back, but the mere mention of it brings to mind, for many, the image of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini—a photo taken months before his return […]...

In the past weeks, one of the main ports of the country suffered heavy consequences. On April 26, 2025, a terrible explosion occurred in the container area of Bandar-e-Jask port, which according to the latest reports, resulted in the death of over 50 people and injuries of more than 1000 people. The source of the […]...

Regardless of the fact that the transfer of the capital to Makran, which has recently become a topic of discussion, is environmentally friendly and in accordance with the country’s top documents – especially the Land Development document – or not, the proposal for such an important matter, meaning the necessity of transferring the capital to […]...

A City with a Dark and Gloomy Sky When we think about the pollution caused by power plants, the first image that comes to mind is often the tall chimneys releasing smoke that darkens the sky. However, the negative environmental impacts of power plants are not limited to air pollution. Generating massive amounts of energy […]...

Power outages, beyond being a mere technical disruption, can profoundly impact daily life, the economy, public health, and people’s mental well-being. This phenomenon, experienced in Iran and many other countries, has had widespread and even critical consequences. This report examines the effects of power outages across various dimensions using real examples from Iran and around […]...

Statistics indicate that Iran has approximately 70 zoos, of which only 44 have been ranked to date. Evaluations reveal that the majority of Iran’s zoos fall significantly short of both national and international standards. Key zoo ranking criteria include proper nutrition, suitable hygiene, cage size and design, and spaces tailored to the specific needs of […]...

Zoos represent a clear case of semantic and conceptual transformation. What we now see as zoos in Iran and many parts of the world has strayed far from the original concept and purpose of their establishment. These centers have largely devolved into cages for holding wildlife species, offering visitors the chance to view them up […]...

Animal rights refer to a set of ethical principles and legal regulations aimed at protecting animals and ensuring their welfare against harm, exploitation, and mistreatment. These rights are rooted in the belief in the intrinsic value of animals and the necessity of ethical and humane interaction with them. On an international level, these rights include […]...

Two decades ago, when an old ranger recounted how he shot a golden eagle for preying on a wild goat, it sparked a profound mental challenge: where do animal rights stand in human thought? Should we not, just as we contemplate human rights, also be concerned about the rights of other living beings? Or are […]...

The concept of the “zoo” was first introduced to Iran by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, who brought it back as a souvenir from Europe. During his travels abroad, visiting zoos was one of the Shah’s favorite activities. In his memoirs, the Qajar king described the separation of wild animals into individual cages and the conditions […]...

Wildlife refers to animals and plants that live in their natural habitats without human interference. It encompasses various species spread across the globe, playing a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Preserving wildlife is crucial for the future of both humanity and nature. This article is not about the factors and policies that […]...

Let us begin with a classification: animals either live alongside us humans—like “my cat” or a “sheepdog”—or are wild and live in nature. The first category has largely evolved through artificial selection, adapting to coexist peacefully with humans and often providing benefits in return. The behavior and appearance of sheep, roosters, and dogs are markedly […]...