Since the day that Ayatollah Khomeini explicitly ordered the ban on armed forces entering politics until the commander of Sepah in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad said, “Don’t worry, Sepah will have an active presence in politics,” forty years have passed. During these forty years, the Sepah Pasdaran have rooted themselves so deeply in the fabric of […]...

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In discussions of natural rights, the rights to life, property, and liberty are considered part of “natural rights.” Supporters of natural rights believe that these three rights are inherent to all humans and that governments, when established, must consider them as fundamental rights of citizens and guarantee them in “subjective rights,” meaning contractual rights. They […]...

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Notes: 1 – Negative Freedom: Refers to the absence of any external barriers – such as political, social, economic, and cultural powers, as well as fellow citizens – in the realization of legitimate freedoms – such as freedom of belief, speech, criticism, and expression – that do not violate the legitimate freedoms, rights, and privacy […]...

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This is not a complete sentence, so it cannot be accurately translated. It appears to be a caption for an image, which reads “Attachment 9098” and is aligned to the right with a width of 76. Hope ShamsCan the gender of a literary work be traced and identified? In such an act, what layers of […]...

“متن راست چین” “Right-aligned text”Mehran Mosadegh Nia In this short article, we try to examine gender equality in Iranian criminal and legal laws, so that we may better understand the issue of inequality between men and women in this field, rather than in other political and social areas that are beyond the scope of this […]...