One of the punitive reactions that currently exists in all criminal systems as a legal punishment is deprivation of freedom or imprisonment. This punishment is accompanied by harsh conditions for prisoners and these harsh conditions are considered part of the legal punishment. For example, the legislator has prescribed “imprisonment with hard labor” in the General […]...

The above question prompts us to take a look at the various social categorizations of retirees, recognize their problems and demands, and discuss a way out. Without a doubt, today in the midst of confrontations over demands on the streets, retirees are considered to be the awakened conscience of the class movement in Iran. I […]...

The capacity that water has gone. One of the most important challenges facing humanity is the scarcity of resources in general and water resources in particular. This scarcity does not necessarily mean a crisis. What turns water scarcity into a water crisis is poor governance and management, which can turn the serious challenges of resource […]...

On the date of April 10th of this year, the head of the judiciary announced that it is planned for Rajai Shahr prison, located in the city of Karaj, to be closed and relocated to another location. They cited the reason for this decision as the prison being located within the city of Karaj. However, […]...

We must think that prisons and punishments, in general, are not intended to eliminate crimes; they are mostly intended to differentiate crimes and to distribute and use them. Prisons and punishments do not only aim to discipline violators of the law, but they also aim to control violations of the law through a general tactic, […]...

It is rare for powers to build a memorial in condemnation or even criticism of their own actions. It is a dream if they even whisper a hidden line on a stone in the Vatican. My fault “But is there a small sign of the centuries of crimes of the Catholic Church? Is there a […]...

Transfer in prison is considered one of the most distressing experiences for an inmate, and the longer an inmate stays in a prison, the more distressing the transfer becomes – regardless of the destination. In fact, it can be even more distressing than one of the systematic abuses that are planned for prisoners, such as […]...

Definition of historical memory and its difference from history. If we study “history” officially and systematically through sources and remnants left by people in the past, the “historical memory” is that part of history which is transmitted socially, culturally, and politically through a group or community of people. Two features are mentioned to know the […]...

If we want to understand what goes on beneath the surface of a society and what the social, political, and cultural realities of a society are, we can look at its prisons. Prisons are a reflection of the entire society. The behavior that is exhibited in prisons with an inmate deprived of freedom can also […]...

“Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei, the head of the judiciary, recently mentioned in a meeting of the administrative council of Alborz province that the judiciary and specifically the prison organization suffer greatly from overcrowding in prisons. With the high density in prisons, it is no longer possible to carry out effective cultural activities to socialize prisoners. However, […]...

In the past weeks, the head of the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran has emphasized again on the transfer of Rajai Shahr and Qazalhasar prisons outside of cities. The governor of Alborz province has also identified the presence of four “sensitive and important” prisons in this province and the gathering of families around […]...

Most legal systems have drawn upon religious ideas or based on certain principles and theories presented by social scientists and even philosophers, the term “punishment” and “penalty” have been interpreted as a social reaction defined by the government. From ancient times to the present, various forms of punishment against violators of civil rights and moral […]...