Travel and generally moving from one place to another has been a part of human behavior since ancient times, and it can be said that the right to freedom of movement is considered one of the natural, primary, and fundamental rights of human beings. Although with the formation of nation-states within the framework of modern […]...

Tourism or travel is one of the most profitable industries, and despite having abundant natural resources and God-given wealth, most countries in the world still make great efforts to expand this industry in their own country. Despite the fact that the tourism industry generates significant income for countries, what makes it even more important is […]...

Gandhi believed that “poverty is the worst form of violence” and Victor Hugo believed that “poverty and misery among the lower classes is more inhumane than in the upper classes.” But why do some social groups have a heavier presence in the vast sea of poverty in the world? With a little reflection, it becomes […]...

On the 25th of Esfand 1366 (March 15th, 1988), while only four days remained until the new year, the city was bustling with people. They had come to the market to buy things for the night of Eid and the city was filled with chatter and excitement. Mothers were holding their children’s hands and buying […]...

Perhaps on February 4, 2004 AD – the day Facebook was born – few people thought this university project would one day cross all borders of the world. This project was created by Mark Zuckerberg and his friends (Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes) at Harvard University; a project that introduced a […]...

These days, discussions have arisen among groups of teenagers and young adults who have an interest in underground music or, in other words, “rap”, regarding the government’s decision to regulate this type of music. In this piece, we intend to delve into the history of rap music, the government’s treatment of artists and their fans […]...

The metro is considered one of the public transportation vehicles that is used by students, workers, and employees for commuting within the city. It can be said that this means of public transportation, which has become a staple in Iran due to the presence of street vendors, has often been the subject of various news […]...

Does emerging technology strengthen individual freedoms or make authoritarian governments more capable of controlling and monitoring citizens? In response to this issue, there has always been a simple analytical framework: on one hand, information technology, with the emergence of the internet and later social networks, facilitates and accelerates the free flow of information and increases […]...

The real world is not like a movie or a novel. In the real world, there are no spies with small devices taking pictures from behind tall walls, and no “big brother” watching inside our homes, lest someone have secret notes. At least our imagination is that we have not yet reached that point. But […]...

Since legal systems gradually became instruments for exerting individual power over individuals and enforcing obedience to the commands of authority, the nature and use of laws have changed and turned into systems for reflecting the collective will and safeguarding individual rights. Systems based on the rule of law have emerged, increasingly emphasizing the importance and […]...

With the advancement of technology and increase in global communication, the sanctity of privacy and the shield of anonymity are facing unprecedented challenges. This struggle is nowhere more evident than in countries where government surveillance casts a shadow over everything. Iran, with the use of a powerful surveillance apparatus, appears as a focal point for […]...

1- In 43, I was six years old when they took me to Savak Qom to visit my father who was in temporary detention at the branch of this organization on Station Street in Qom. They had taken him there to punish and intimidate him because he had been selling and distributing the banned book […]...