Peace Treaty

The book “Human Rights in International Criminal Courts” written by Salvatore Zappala and translated by Dr. Hossein Aghaei Jantmakan, has been published by Shahid Chamran University Press in 2008, with 404 pages. This book focuses on the subject of examining the nature and structure of international criminal courts and their relationship with human rights.

“این عکس یک منظره زیبا از کوهستان است که در آن آسمان آبی و ابرهای سفید به طور طبیعی ترکیب شده‌اند.”

This photo is a beautiful landscape of a mountain where the blue sky and white clouds are naturally blended together.
The book “Human Rights in International Criminal Proceedings” written by Salvatore Zappala.

Zapala in the ninth chapter of the book, under the sections of the human rights approach, discusses the International Criminal Court, the expansion of the concept of fair trial to international criminal trials, the relationship between human rights monitoring systems and international criminal courts, and the elements of criminal and investigative proceedings in international criminal trials and their impact on the rights of individuals in examining political crimes, their types, criteria for identifying them, and historical developments, particularly the experiences of Nuremberg and Tokyo.

In the second chapter, the author defines the role of the International Prosecutor as a judicial organ and compares the powers of the International Prosecutor and the rights of the accused in terms of judicial oversight to ensure the protection of international community interests and the rights of the accused.

In the middle section of the book, in chapter three, Zappala discusses the rights of the accused during the trial phase, and recognizes the principle of the accused’s rights in innocence as a general rule for dealing with individuals. This book examines legitimate and illegitimate methods of confessing to a crime and emphasizes the right of the accused to remain silent during the interrogation period.

In this chapter, the discussion of human rights and its application to the judicial process, particularly in cases related to the three human rights declarations, forms the main focus of the writing. In the following three chapters, the book examines the rights of the accused for review and retrial, punishments, their implementation methods, the rights of the convicted, and the situation of other individuals, such as crime victims and witnesses. It also delves into advanced and supplementary trial procedures, types of punishments, and their compatibility with human rights treaties, as well as the rights of victims and the dual status of victims and witnesses. In the final chapter, the author concludes by evaluating the role of human rights in international criminal trials and the models of criminal trial procedures, and advocates for an ethical approach to trial procedures in order to strengthen respect for human rights. The author considers the observance of human rights in international trials as a necessary requirement for the international community, and the book concludes with suggestions for supporting human rights in international