According to Article 28 of the Criminal Procedure Code adopted in 1392, judicial officers and prosecutors are “officials who, under the supervision and instructions of the prosecutor, are responsible for discovering crimes, preserving evidence and signs, collecting evidence of the crime, identifying, finding and preventing the escape and hiding of the accused, conducting preliminary investigations, serving documents and enforcing judicial decisions in accordance with the law.” Therefore, according to the law, these officers are divided into two categories: “general” and “special”. General officers include “commanders, officers and rank-and-file members of the law enforcement forces” who have received relevant training, while special officers include “officials and officers” who are considered judicial officers within the scope of their assigned duties, such as heads, deputies and officers of prisons regarding matters related to prisoners, officers of the Ministry of Intelligence and officers of the Basij Resistance Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Additionally, other armed forces are considered judicial officers in cases where

Dr. Jafar Sadegh Manesh, the Director General of the Office of Education and Research of the Armed Forces Judicial Organization, holds a PhD in Criminal Law and Criminology from Imam Sadeq University and is a professor at the university. In his book titled “Judicial Officers: Duties, Powers, and Responsibilities” (given his official position in the construction of sovereignty), he has endeavored to provide a comprehensive source for all lawyers, students, judges, attorneys, and judicial officers to familiarize themselves with the management of professional conduct of judicial officers. The author has tried in this work to answer questions such as: in light of the new Criminal Procedure Code and their own rights, what are the duties and responsibilities of judicial officers?

1. Can judicial officers inspect a person physically in cases of suspicion or dismiss them by transferring them to the police station?

2. Is a travel veil considered a private space?

3. What are the differences between the new criminal procedure law and the previous law regarding judicial authorities?

4. If the Judicial Police bill is approved, what will be the fate of judicial officers?

5. Can judicial officers detain individuals for investigation and interrogation without a summons?

6. Can officers enter the privacy of others in visible crimes?

7. In what situations are officers allowed to shoot to stop a person?

8. In what cases is the Ministry of Information recognized as a judicial authority?

9. Is the honorary police recognized as a judicial officer?

10. Is the duty of the security forces to control gatherings related to the police or the military?

11. Can general court officers also obtain a special court officer card at the same time?

12. Can a special officer and a general officer of the judiciary perform other duties in the absence of each other?

13. Who is responsible for carrying out orders from non-judicial authorities other than the court and military courts in units?

14. Which judicial authority has the jurisdiction to handle military discipline crimes?

15. What are the consequences of officers neglecting their duties in terms of criminal, civil, or disciplinary responsibility?

It should be noted that according to Article 32 of the Criminal Procedure Code, “the supervision and oversight of judicial officers in terms of their duties as officers is the responsibility of the prosecutor. Other judicial authorities also have the right to supervise matters referred to the officers.”

Book Name: Judicial Officers (Duties, Powers, and Responsibilities)

Author: Jafar Sadegh Manesh

Publication date: 1394

Publisher: Eternal Forest