Why Independent Monitoring Is Part of the Minimum Standards for the Treatment of Prisoners/ Shabnam Moinipour

When prison doors close, the state does more than deprive a person of liberty. Water, food, medication, sleep, light, contact with family, access to a lawyer, the ability to lodge a complaint, and even the recording of what has happened to the prisoner all come under the control of the institution responsible for the detention. […]...

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Iran’s New Espionage Law and the Blurred Boundaries of Financial Transactions/ Shabnam Moinipour

Espionage, cooperation with the intelligence services of other countries, and the financing of violent acts are undoubtedly matters in which criminal-law intervention is legitimate. No responsible legal system can remain indifferent to genuine threats to the lives of citizens, territorial integrity, public security, or critical infrastructure. The problem begins when “national security” shifts from being […]...

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