Pension Funds: From the Dream of Security to the Crisis of Reality/ Morteza Hamounian

During the Roman Empire, soldiers received money or land after completing their service. That is, when a soldier ended his military duty and was to be discharged with honor, he was granted a payment and sometimes a plot of land. A similar system existed in ancient China and Greece. Later, during the Middle Ages, guilds […]...

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National Organization for Migration and Security Puzzle/ Morteza Hamounian

Migration is a historical subject that has always been a problem for governments. It can create issues for governments and can also turn into an opportunity. Sometimes, it is used as a tool by governments to manipulate and pressure others. Migration, especially in the 20th and 21st centuries, in a world where modernity is at […]...

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From Gold Coins to Real Estate Titles: Dowry as a Mirror of Economic Transformations and Class Divides in Iran/ Morteza Hamounian

One person’s dowry is only “14 coins,” and another’s is “over one thousand and three hundred coins” (which corresponds to the bride’s age). The amount of this dowry also fluctuates each time. Dowry is supposed to be a sadaq and a symbol of affection and love, but like the price of housing and cars, it […]...

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A Look at the Psychological and Social Roots of Superstitions in Iran: A Conversation with Kaveh Talabam/ Morteza Hamounian

In Iran, fortune-telling and divination have existed since ancient times, but in recent years, this phenomenon has grown significantly, not only among the illiterate, but also among the upper levels of society and politicians. This phenomenon, which many psychologists and social scientists believe has its roots in mental and social insecurity, has become a tool […]...

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Makran; From Ancient History to the Imagination of Becoming the Capital / Morteza Hamounian

In the beginning of the winter month of 1403, Mohammad Reza Aref, the first deputy of the new government of the Islamic Republic, openly declared among the members of the Foreign Economic Relations Committee that if they come to a conclusion about the transfer of the capital, one of the regions that will be seriously […]...

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Whose Responsibility is the Generator in the Dowry? The Groom or the Bride?/ Morteza Hamounian

Power outages have a long history in the collective memory of Iranians. Widespread blackouts began during the war and continued until 1988 (1367 SH). However, from 1988 to 2008, the country experienced only occasional and temporary blackouts, specifically in 2001 and 2003 due to unexpected events. In 2008, due to reduced water reserves in dams […]...

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The Animal Abuser of Today, the Human Abuser of Tomorrow/ Morteza Hamounian

From time to time, the media reports incidents of animal abuse committed by some of our fellow citizens. These cases involve pets and wild animals subjected to cruelty by people or zoos that, instead of serving as sanctuaries and care centers, become places of torment for animals. What is happening is a form of violence […]...

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The Tabas Mine Resumes Operations Without Changes/ Morteza Hamounian

In 2010, the San Jose mine in Chile collapsed. Thirty-three miners were trapped 700 meters underground and five kilometers from the main entrance. As in most mining accidents around the world, the employer’s failure to reinforce the mine’s ceiling was the main cause. Rescue teams arrived on site from the early hours. Alongside the miners’ […]...

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Interview with Solka: Rap, Gender Equality, and a Battle That Continues / Morteza Hamounian

She’s called “Solka” so much so that even those around her have forgotten her real name is “Sara Bahreini.” Sara, or Solka as she’s known, has numerous tattoos adorning her body and exudes a sleek gangster style. She’s reminiscent of “Griselda Blanco,” except Sara is no criminal—she’s an artist, writing beautiful lyrics with a powerful […]...

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Conversation with Solka; Rap, Gender Equality, and the Ongoing Struggle/ Morteza Hamounian

“Solka” is calling out; she is so well known by this name that her acquaintances have forgotten her real name, “Sara Bahreini”. Sara, also known as Solka, has numerous tattoos on her body and has a stylish gangster appearance; something similar to “Griselda Blanco” but the difference is that Sara is not a criminal, she […]...

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Who signed the execution order of “Pakhsan Azizi”? / Morteza Hamounian

118 years have passed since the Constitutional Revolution in Iran; a revolution that one of its ideals was to achieve “fairness” through the people. But the problem is that since then, whenever there has been oppression and rights have been violated, they have either ignored the law or created a legal garment by force; a […]...

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Who are the oldest female political prisoners in Iran? / Morteza Hamouni

The history of post-constitutional Iran is marked by the presence of motivated and active women who have participated and continue to participate in politics and society in modern Iran. They have been pioneers of progress and new movements in this land. From the very beginning of the constitutional era, when women’s organizations were formed in […]...

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