On the Origin of Evil and Obedience/Amin Judiciary

The atrocities of World War II and the participation and complicity of the German people with the Nazi regime, in the guise of a soldier or government agent, in the murder of millions of people in the death camps, posed a fundamental question to sociologists: How could an ordinary German citizen be so obedient and […]...

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Maintaining the system by firing bullets/ Morteza Hamounian

Everyone had come. With every force they could muster to organize the suppression. In a structure where maintaining the system is a duty, all their strength is expended to fulfill this duty; even if this fulfillment comes at the cost of the blood of citizens. In January 1404, Iran witnessed a protest movement that began […]...

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Corruption, a motivation for more suppression/ Abbas Dehghani

Khosrow. Budget. State. Sure. Bar. Shower. Nation. Members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly agreed in an open session on Monday, 8 Aban 1401, after a month of suppression and severe crackdown by the government on Iranian protesters, to increase the salaries of law enforcement and armed forces personnel by twenty percent through the amendment of […]...

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Legal examination of the role of judicial officers and its impact on citizens’ lives; in conversation with Hossein Raeisi/ Simin Rouzgar.

Hossein Raeesi, has graduated from Shiraz and Tehran universities in the field of judicial law and criminal law, and is currently a visiting professor at Carlton University in Canada. Mr. Raeesi has over twenty years of experience as a lawyer and has represented numerous citizens who have filed complaints against judicial authorities. In light of […]...

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Mohsen Sazgara: Basij is a self-serving and undisciplined force/ Ali Kalai

Mohsen Sazegara, a political activist, journalist, and researcher, is considered one of the founding members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in Iran. He served as the political and social deputy minister and advisor to the executive affairs in the government of Mohammad-Ali Rajai. He was also involved in the establishment of the IRGC and […]...

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Parallel destructive actions; “Basij” as a judicial enforcer instead of “law enforcement” / Reza Alijani

When the judicial system itself is the tool of security forces in the field of political, civil, and trade activists – including the Ministry of Intelligence and the Revolutionary Guards and others – the role of the judicial officer (whether “general” who can take initial judicial actions upon witnessing an obvious crime, or “specific” who […]...

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The Strategic Role of Judicial Officers in Fair Adjudication / Mohammad Moghimi

Fair trial is one of the important and challenging issues in human rights that has its roots in the principle of innocence and is the guarantor of freedom, security, dignity, and the right to life of citizens in any society. Judges play a strategic role in ensuring a fair trial; whether it is the foundation […]...

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A Look at the Organizational Duties of Basij in Iran/ Ghahraman Ghanbari

The word “Basij” has been repeated so much in our daily lives by the government media that just hearing its name creates a special feeling and state in our hearts and faces. Generally, bureaucracy and government institutions, including military institutions, are similar or alike in terms of their organizational structure in all countries around the […]...

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“Basiij and its formation, a threat to bread or a danger to life? / Morteza Hamounian”

The early days after the revolution are in Bahman 57. The country is in turmoil and people’s forces are protecting the newly achieved revolution in the streets. With the success of the revolution, their categories become clearer. It is time for group competitions. The streets are filled with the presence of people’s forces. The people’s […]...

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