{"id":39823,"date":"2024-04-27T19:00:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T19:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/35.85.16.36\/main-page\/"},"modified":"2024-07-17T07:49:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T07:49:17","slug":"main-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/","title":{"rendered":"Peace Line Monthly"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<div class=\"container pt-120 \">\n\n  <div class=\"writer-alider-section\">\n\n    <div class=\"writers-list\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"writer-heading\">\n            <h3>Writers<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"writers d-flex flex-col custom-scrollbar\" id=\"writersScrollingDiv\">\n            <div id=\"ajax-load-more\" class=\"ajax-load-more-wrap infinite fading-circles\"  data-alm-id=\"\" data-canonical-url=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/\" data-slug=\"main-page\" data-post-id=\"39823\"  data-localized=\"ajax_load_more_vars\" data-alm-object=\"ajax_load_more\"><ul aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"alm-listing alm-ajax\" data-container-type=\"ul\" data-loading-style=\"infinite fading-circles\" data-repeater=\"default\" data-post-type=\"author\" data-order=\"DESC\" data-orderby=\"rand\" data-offset=\"0\" data-posts-per-page=\"10\" data-lang=\"en\" data-pause-override=\"true\" data-button-label=\"Load More\" data-prev-button-label=\"Load Previous\"><\/ul><div class=\"alm-btn-wrap\" data-rel=\"ajax-load-more\"><button class=\"alm-load-more-btn \" type=\"button\">Load More<\/button><\/div><\/div>        <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"writer-slider-section \">\n\n      \n        <div id=\"slider\" dir='ltr'>\n\n          <div class=\"dp-wrap\">\n\n            <div id=\"dp-slider\">\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"1\" data-position=\"1\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/mansoureh-shojaei-we-spoke-to-a-million-people-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Morteza-Hamounian185.jpg\" alt=\"Mansoureh Shojaee: In the One Million Signatures Campaign, We Spoke with One Million People\/ Morteza Hamounian\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"2\" data-position=\"2\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Afrouz-Maghzi185.jpg\" alt=\"Twenty Years Later: What Did the One Million Signatures Campaign Change?\/ Afrouz Maghzi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"3\" data-position=\"3\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Aliyeh-Motallebzadeh185.jpg\" alt=\"Compulsory Hijab and the Boundaries of the One Million Signatures Campaign\u2019s Demands\/ Aliyeh Motalebzadeh\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"4\" data-position=\"4\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Azadeh-Davachi185.jpg\" alt=\"The One Million Signatures Campaign: Strategies, Achievements, and an Enduring Legacy in Iran\u2019s Women\u2019s Civil Movement\/ Azadeh Davachi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"5\" data-position=\"5\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Elahe-Amani185.jpg\" alt=\"The Twentieth Anniversary of the One Million Signatures Campaign: Achievements, Challenges, and Moving Beyond the Reformist Discourse\/ Elahe Amani\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"6\" data-position=\"6\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kaveh-Kermanshahi185.jpg\" alt=\"Men in the One Million Signatures Campaign and the Test of Commitment to Equality\/ Kaveh Kermanshahi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"7\" data-position=\"7\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-public-circle-around-a-private-suffering-nasim-khosravi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Nasim-Khosravi185.jpg\" alt=\"A Public Circle Around a Private Suffering\/ Nasim Khosravi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n            <span id=\"dp-next\">\n\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/right-slider-arrow.svg\" \/>\n\n            <\/span>\n\n\n\n            <span id=\"dp-prev\">\n\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/left-slider-arrow.svg\" \/>\n\n            <\/span>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      \n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"1\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-public-circle-around-a-private-suffering-nasim-khosravi\/\">\n\n                <h3>A Public Circle Around a Private Suffering\/ Nasim Khosravi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>It is a hot afternoon in June 2008 (Khordad 1387), at the entrance of a hospital in central Tehran. A distressed woman asks passersby for help contacting her child\u2019s paternal uncle. The child must undergo surgery as soon as possible, and her signature on the consent form is not acceptable. The father, who separated from [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-public-circle-around-a-private-suffering-nasim-khosravi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"2\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/\">\n\n                <h3>Men in the One Million Signatures Campaign and the Test of Commitment to Equality\/ Kaveh Kermanshahi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Twenty years have passed since the launch of the \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws.\u201d The movement was initiated by activists in the women\u2019s movement and, for many young people, became their first experience of social activism and their first close encounter with the struggle for gender equality. Among these young people were [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"3\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                <h3>The Twentieth Anniversary of the One Million Signatures Campaign: Achievements, Challenges, and Moving Beyond the Reformist Discourse\/ Elahe Amani<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>The One Million Signatures Campaign in Iran cannot be understood without considering the experience of the women\u2019s movement in Morocco in the early 1990s. Iranian women activists drew inspiration from the Moroccan experience, particularly its use of large-scale signature collection as a tool for social mobilization, raising public awareness, and creating pressure to reform discriminatory [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"4\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n                <h3>The One Million Signatures Campaign: Strategies, Achievements, and an Enduring Legacy in Iran\u2019s Women\u2019s Civil Movement\/ Azadeh Davachi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>The \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws\u201d (Change for Equality), launched in August 2006 (Mordad 1385) through the efforts of a group of women\u2019s rights activists, is regarded as one of the most prominent, cohesive, and influential collective actions in Iran\u2019s contemporary history. By adopting an issue-oriented approach and making use of social [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"5\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n                <h3>Compulsory Hijab and the Boundaries of the One Million Signatures Campaign\u2019s Demands\/ Aliyeh Motalebzadeh<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>I belong to a generation of women who have spent a large part of their lives in conflict with the Islamic Republic; not only in the streets, in prison, and in civil activism, but also in the media, in photographs and images, in those very places that the government, whenever it has deemed necessary, has [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"6\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n                <h3>Twenty Years Later: What Did the One Million Signatures Campaign Change?\/ Afrouz Maghzi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Question 1: Looking back from a distance of twenty years at August 27, 2006 (5 Shahrivar 1385), and the launch of the \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign,\u201d what is the greatest misconception in evaluating this movement, and where should its real achievement be sought? The greatest mistake is to measure the campaign\u2019s success or failure solely [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"7\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/mansoureh-shojaei-we-spoke-to-a-million-people-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                <h3>Mansoureh Shojaee: In the One Million Signatures Campaign, We Spoke with One Million People\/ Morteza Hamounian<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>The One Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws was one of the important and influential experiences of the Iranian women\u2019s movement in the 2000s; a campaign launched in September 2006 (Shahrivar 1385) with the aim of changing unequal laws against women, whose activities were based on direct dialogue with people, legal education, and a [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/mansoureh-shojaei-we-spoke-to-a-million-people-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pt-120 recent-articles-heading aos-init aos-animate\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n\n    \n    <h3>Recent Posts<\/h3>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container pb-120 recent-articles-wrap\">\n\n    <div class=\"recent-articles \">\n\n\n        <div class=\"item\">\n            <div class=\"lSAction-custom-articles\"><a class=\"lSPrev-custom-article\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/left-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><a class=\"lSNext-custom-article\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/right-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n            <ul id=\"content-slider\" class=\"content-slider\">\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Afrouz-Maghzi185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Twenty Years Later: What Did the One Million Signatures Campaign Change?\/ Afrouz Maghzi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Question 1: Looking back from a distance of twenty years at August 27, 2006 (5 Shahrivar 1385), and the launch&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Afrouz Maghzi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Aliyeh-Motallebzadeh185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Compulsory Hijab and the Boundaries of the One Million Signatures Campaign\u2019s Demands\/ Aliyeh Motalebzadeh<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>I belong to a generation of women who have spent a large part of their lives in conflict with the&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Aliyeh Motalebzadeh\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Azadeh-Davachi185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>The One Million Signatures Campaign: Strategies, Achievements, and an Enduring Legacy in Iran\u2019s Women\u2019s Civil Movement\/ Azadeh Davachi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>The \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws\u201d (Change for Equality), launched in August 2006 (Mordad 1385) through the&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Azadeh Davachi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Samireh-Hanaei185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/one-million-signatures-and-the-issue-of-women-left-out-of-the-campaign-narrative-samireh-hanaei\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/one-million-signatures-and-the-issue-of-women-left-out-of-the-campaign-narrative-samireh-hanaei\/\">\n\n                                <h3>The One Million Signatures Campaign and the Women Left Out of Its Narrative\/ Samireh Hanaei<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>When does a movement that claims to represent \u201call women\u201d turn the experience of one particular group of women into&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/one-million-signatures-and-the-issue-of-women-left-out-of-the-campaign-narrative-samireh-hanaei\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Samireh Hanai\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Majid-Shiaali185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-tradition-of-petition-writing-majid-shia-ali\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-tradition-of-petition-writing-majid-shia-ali\/\">\n\n                                <h3>The One Million Signatures Campaign and the Tradition of Petitioning\/ Majid Shia&#8217;Ali<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Twenty years have passed since an experience that was never repeated either before or after it. It was a campaign&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-tradition-of-petition-writing-majid-shia-ali\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Majid Shia&#8217;ali\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Elahe-Amani185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                                <h3>The Twentieth Anniversary of the One Million Signatures Campaign: Achievements, Challenges, and Moving Beyond the Reformist Discourse\/ Elahe Amani<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>The One Million Signatures Campaign in Iran cannot be understood without considering the experience of the women\u2019s movement in Morocco&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-achievements-challenges-and-moving-beyond-the-reform-discourse-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Elahe Amani\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Kaveh-Kermanshahi185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Men in the One Million Signatures Campaign and the Test of Commitment to Equality\/ Kaveh Kermanshahi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Twenty years have passed since the launch of the \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws.\u201d The movement was&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/men-in-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-equality-test-kaveh-kermanshahi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Kaveh Kermanshahi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Raha-Azadi185.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/lets-embrace-the-small-steps-raha-azadi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/lets-embrace-the-small-steps-raha-azadi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Let&#8217;s embrace the small steps\/ Raha Azadi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Those who are around my age remember the One Million Signatures Campaign. Just when civil society felt that it had&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/lets-embrace-the-small-steps-raha-azadi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Raha Azadi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> September 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n            <\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pdf-viewer-container pt-120 aos-init aos-animate full-width-container\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n    <h3 class=\"pdf-viewer-book-title\"> Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 185<\/h3>\n        <div id=\"flipbookContainer\">\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        <div id=\"pdf-element\" data-latest-pdf-issue=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/185.pdf\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"full-width-container books-section-container\">\r\n        <div class=\"books-section container\">\r\n        <ul id=\"books-slider\" class=\"content-slider\">\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/\">book introduction<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Book-173-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/173-1-2\/\">Book introduction: I am a common pain.<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Book-169.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/169-1-2\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Book Introduction: &#8220;Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other&#8221; by Sherry Turkle<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Book-167.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/167-2\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Book Introduction: &#8220;Aristocratic Management&#8221;<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/\">Pictures<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-24-221824.png\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-through-the-lens-of-raha-askarizadehs-camera\/\">The One Million Signatures Campaign Through the Lens of Raha Askarizadeh&#8217;s Camera<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1405-Calendar-CMYK-scaled.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/calendar-for-the-year-1405-ah-presented-to-peace-line-audiences\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Calendar for the year 1405 AH presented to Peace Line audiences<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1403-RGB-scaled-2.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/the-1403-hijri-shamsi-calendar-dedicated-to-the-audience-of-the-peace-line-2-en\/\">\r\n                                                <p>The 1403 Hijri Shamsi calendar dedicated to the audience of the peace line.<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/\">Selected art<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/PeaceMark-Social-Media-Pictures-6.825-\u00d7-4.625-in-6.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/twenty-years-after-one-million-signatures-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari\/\">Twenty years after one million signatures; a work by Motaharah Jafari<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cartoon-184.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/social-control-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Social Control; A work by Motaharah Jafari<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Cartoon183.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/minimum-standard-for-treating-prisoners-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Minimum Standard for Treating Prisoners; A work by Motaharah Jafari<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                            <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/faces\/\">Faces<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/watermark-242x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                    <h3><a class='no-events' href=\"\">Dr. Hassan Mohaddesi Gilani<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1397092118560232816122964-250x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <a class='no-events' href=\"\">\r\n                                            <p>Amir Mahmoud Harirchi<\/p>\r\n                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pr-jalal-271x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <a class='no-events' href=\"\">\r\n                                            <p>Jalal Jalalizadeh<\/p>\r\n                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                    <\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"container pt-120 aos-init aos-animate\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n\n    <div class=\"category-section\">\n\n        \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/academic-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Academic Rights\">Academic Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-13-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Amir-Aghaei-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-13-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>If you flip through any glossary of specialized terminology, you won\u2019t find the term \u201cclass-based internet\u201d or a precise definition of it. However, by implementing this project over the past 20 years, the rulers of the Islamic Republic have compelled Iranian internet users to adopt a term to describe it. Class-based internet refers to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%85%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Majid-ShieAli162.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%85%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The Iranian Parliament Research Center recently published a study indicating that nearly 55% of students ranked in the top 3,000 in the national university entrance exam come from the top two economic deciles. The study warns that access to higher education in Iran, both in terms of quantity and quality, is significantly unequal. One major [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/161-20\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Nafiseh-Sharaf161.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/161-20\/\">\n\n                                <p>During the Mihssa Movement, universities in Iran were one of the main strongholds where the cry of &#8220;Women, Life, Freedom&#8221; was raised by students and professors. The demands of this section of the scientific community were completely in line with the demands of the people; demands that led thousands of people to take to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/childrens-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Childrens Rights\">Childrens Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/violence-and-sexual-abuse-of-children-in-iran-a-challenge-beyond-silence-and-denial-elahe-amani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Elahe-Amani-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/violence-and-sexual-abuse-of-children-in-iran-a-challenge-beyond-silence-and-denial-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                                <p>\u201cWe owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in any society, a life free from violence and fear.\u201d \u2014 Nelson Mandela A review of the performance of the Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child in 1404 and the fact that child sexual abuse ranks at the top of the issues in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/retelling-the-tragedy-of-minab-elementary-school-through-the-eyes-of-witnesses-pardis-parsa\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Pardis-Parsa-182.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/retelling-the-tragedy-of-minab-elementary-school-through-the-eyes-of-witnesses-pardis-parsa\/\">\n\n                                <p>In the first hours of the military operation known as \u201cEpic Wrath,\u201d which began on February 28, 2026 (9 Esfand 1404), a series of air and missile strikes targeted various infrastructures across Iran. Meanwhile, Minab County in Hormozgan Province, due to its strategic proximity to logistical and military infrastructure, became one of the main centers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/child-soldiers-a-long-lasting-tradition-in-the-islamic-republic-government-morteza-hamounian\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Morteza-Hamounian180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/child-soldiers-a-long-lasting-tradition-in-the-islamic-republic-government-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                <p>Children are among the first victims of war; whether they are present in war themselves or killed as a result of an act of war; whether they are armed and fire in one direction, or are not present in war and are killed or wounded in its turmoil. Even merely witnessing the catastrophe of war [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/cultural-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Cultural Rights\">Cultural Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/177-8-3\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Navid-Mihandoust-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/177-8-3\/\">\n\n                                <p>Over its 44-year history, the Fajr Film Festival has gone through different periods which, based on the documented record of this state-run festival, I divide into three main eras: 1) the era of enmity and camaraderie; 2) the era of misery; 3) the era of disgrace. The first era began in February 1983 (Bahman 1361). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-2-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Mina-Javani174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-2-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Iran\u2019s underground cinema, as a semi-independent and often marginal sector of the country\u2019s film production, has consistently navigated the intersection of legal restrictions, cultural pressures, and media representations. These films, produced outside the official mechanisms of Iranian cinema, not only provide a platform for expressing real social and ecological experiences, but also serve as vehicles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/172-5-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/37-1.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/172-5-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In the heart of the night, the sound of sirens passes through the sleeping cities. The sky is on fire, walls tremble, and the silence of homes is shattered. War, this merciless word, has once again awakened from the slumber of history and cast its shadow over the lives of humans. But amidst the ruins, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/ethnic-minorities\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Ethnic Minorities\">Ethnic Minorities<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-8-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Kourosh-Zeyghami-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-8-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-14-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ShirAhmad-166.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-14-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Makran is a region in southeastern Iran that extends from the Strait of Hormuz to the east and begins at Minab, continuing to the Sindh River in Balochistan, Pakistan. This region is of special importance due to its geopolitical location and is recognized as an international waterway. Makran holds strategic value for both Iran and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-11-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mohsen-BorhanZehi-166.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-11-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>A while ago, the government spokesperson announced that the medical government intends to relocate the capital from Tehran to the Makran region and this matter is under consideration. (1) Many countries throughout history have changed their capitals for various reasons, the main reason being the increase in population in the capital and balanced development in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/freedom-of-thought-and-expression\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Freedom of thought and expression\">Freedom of thought and expression<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-tradition-of-petition-writing-majid-shia-ali\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Majid-Shiaali185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-and-the-tradition-of-petition-writing-majid-shia-ali\/\">\n\n                                <p>Twenty years have passed since an experience that was never repeated either before or after it. It was a campaign made unique by the convergence of several characteristics: the formation of a formal feminist movement, political and religious moderation with an emphasis on legality and non-conflict with religious foundations, an emphasis on collective action and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/erosion-of-the-middle-class-a-test-for-civil-society-mina-jawani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Mina-Javani185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/erosion-of-the-middle-class-a-test-for-civil-society-mina-jawani\/\">\n\n                                <p>The middle class is usually defined in terms of income level, consumption patterns, or educational attainment, as though the issue were merely one of drawing an economic boundary separating one segment of society from the lower and upper classes. Yet the historical and political significance of this class cannot be reduced to its economic position. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/conquering-stronghold-after-stronghold-the-right-to-choose-a-lifestyle-majid-shia-ali\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Majid-ShiaAli-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/conquering-stronghold-after-stronghold-the-right-to-choose-a-lifestyle-majid-shia-ali\/\">\n\n                                <p>From the very first days of the 1979 Revolution, when groups among the revolutionaries sought to restrict citizens\u2019 lifestyles to one particular preference, resistance to this tendency also emerged. This resistance ranged broadly, from figures among the revolution\u2019s leaders such as Ayatollah Taleghani to the large women\u2019s gathering on March 8. The forms of resistance [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/gender-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Gender Rights\">Gender Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Rezvaneh-Mohammadi-150.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Narrative literature in Iran has been tangled with the perspective of the majority and their definition of voices and narratives that are of interest to the general society. As a result, communities or individuals who are not considered part of this majority have no place in the literary scene. Marginalized communities in any country not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/127-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hirad-Ariafar127.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/127-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Sexual harassment in the workplace is a dangerous threat that can lead to a decrease in personal and professional quality of life, jeopardize the well-being of both men and women, weaken gender equality, and impose costs on companies and organizations. In recent years, movements around the world have formed to draw more attention to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/123-9-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ansari123.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/123-9-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Migration is a phenomenon that has a long history in human culture and history, especially among Iranians (the pioneers of migration literature in Iran, such as famous writers like Bozorg Alavi and Sadeq Hedayat). By examining all aspects of it, it is clear that the motivations for [forced] migration in recent years have been more [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/health\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Health\">Health<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Musa-Barzin-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\">\n\n                                <p>During the recent protests, we witnessed many bitter incidents and extra-legal actions in Iran. One of these cases was the restriction of treatment for protesters in various forms. According to reports published from the very first days of the protests, police and security forces attacked hospitals where injured protesters had been taken, creating heartbreaking scenes. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/womens-health-between-population-policy-and-class-inequality-dina-ghalibaf\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dina-Ghalibaf-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/womens-health-between-population-policy-and-class-inequality-dina-ghalibaf\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the sudden and quiet removal of the Iranian \u201cPapilloguard\u201d vaccine from pharmacies across the country, women who had been awaiting national vaccination to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been forced to turn to foreign vaccines at prices several times higher\u2014vaccines whose cost is incompatible with the economic circumstances of many women. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/162-4-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Elahe-Amani162.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/162-4-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The feminization of aging has presented major challenges for the global community, and Iran is no exception. While other countries have adopted effective strategies to address the feminization of aging and manage this crisis, in Iran, this crisis reveals its grim face in the increasing number of elderly people &#8220;abandoned&#8221; in parks, streets, and addiction [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/health-and-environment\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Health and Environment\">Health and Environment<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-look-at-the-concept-of-volunteer-tourism-parsa-campus\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Pardis-Parsa-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-look-at-the-concept-of-volunteer-tourism-parsa-campus\/\">\n\n                                <p>While traditional models of mass tourism are largely based on consumerism, a particular approach to volunteer tourism has expanded in recent decades, founded on non-monetary exchange. Under this structured approach, rather than acting as a passive consumer and paying for accommodation and food, the tourist contributes part of their time, expertise, and physical or intellectual [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/air-pollution-as-a-social-crisis-mina-jawani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mina-Javani-176.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/air-pollution-as-a-social-crisis-mina-jawani\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most persistent and complex environmental and social challenges in Iran\u2019s major cities; a challenge that, although seemingly an environmental and public health issue, functions far beyond an ecological crisis in sociological analysis. Today, air pollution has emerged as a \u201cfull-fledged social phenomenon\u201d; a phenomenon in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-2-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Nik-Ahang-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-2-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Perhaps no object better illustrates water governance and management in Iran than the \u201caftabeh\u201d (watering can). It is unclear exactly to which monarch\u2019s era the historical origins of the aftabeh go back, but the mere mention of it brings to mind, for many, the image of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini\u2014a photo taken months before his return [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/labour-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Labour Rights\">Labour Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-impact-of-war-conditions-on-labor-and-livelihood-rights-in-iran-ahmad-alavi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ahmad-Alavi180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-impact-of-war-conditions-on-labor-and-livelihood-rights-in-iran-ahmad-alavi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Wars in the modern economy are no longer merely military events; rather, they are multidimensional phenomena that simultaneously affect economic, social, and institutional structures. In the case of present-day Iran, in the year 2026 (1405), this characteristic is clearly observable, where the economy had already been facing chronic imbalances and war has acted as an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-12-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Amir-JavadiL174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-12-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent years, the condition of pension funds\u2014especially the Cultural Workers Reserve Fund and the performance of the Social Security Organization\u2014has attracted the attention of many researchers, social activists, and fund members. The importance of this issue is evident not only in theory but also in practice, as its crisis-inducing consequences directly and significantly impact [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-11-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Sina-Yousefi174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-11-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent decades, the country&#8217;s pension funds\u2014especially the Civil Servants Pension Fund, the Social Security Organization, and the Armed Forces Pension Fund\u2014have faced a deep structural crisis. This crisis stems from chronic imbalance between resources and expenditures, unprofessional policymaking, and weak corporate governance in managing these institutions. The share of public budget contributions to cover [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/muslim-minorites\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Muslim Minorites\">Muslim Minorites<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/165-4-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Mostafa-Ahmadian-165.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/165-4-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The essence of qisas (retributive justice) has long been based on a natural law: &#8220;You kill, you are killed; an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.&#8221; This well-known principle existed long before the emergence of Abrahamic religions. Historical stone carvings\u2014including the Code of Hammurabi, which dates back to 1800 BCE and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/152-6-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mehrak-Kamali-152.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/152-6-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>When I was reading the novel &#8220;Thursday Train&#8221; (1) by Anisa Dehghani, I came across a strange question: &#8220;It is possible to endure pain that is unique to you, but how can you endure pain that you must share with someone else?&#8221; &#8220;Thursday Train&#8221; delves into the lives of Iranians in the years after the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Rezvaneh-Mohammadi-150.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Narrative literature in Iran has been tangled with the perspective of the majority and their definition of voices and narratives that are of interest to the general society. As a result, communities or individuals who are not considered part of this majority have no place in the literary scene. Marginalized communities in any country not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/others\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Others\">Others<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/pervasive-social-surveillance-and-control-in-the-digital-age-fereshteh-goli\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fereshteh-Goli-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/pervasive-social-surveillance-and-control-in-the-digital-age-fereshteh-goli\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent years, the Islamic Republic has taken major steps in using new technologies for social surveillance and control. This trend, rooted in global developments and what the government regards as domestic needs, has been pursued at different speeds during different periods, but what has turned it into a prominent issue is the increasing acceleration [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/what-does-crisis-reveal-about-humans-samira-hanaei\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Samireh-Hanaei-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/what-does-crisis-reveal-about-humans-samira-hanaei\/\">\n\n                                <p>War does not only destroy cities. Crisis does not only unravel political or economic order. Perhaps the deepest effect of crisis lies where it is less visible: the moment when a person realizes that they can no longer preserve everything that is valuable to them at the same time. In ordinary life, many moral choices [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-look-at-the-concept-of-volunteer-tourism-parsa-campus\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Pardis-Parsa-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/a-look-at-the-concept-of-volunteer-tourism-parsa-campus\/\">\n\n                                <p>While traditional models of mass tourism are largely based on consumerism, a particular approach to volunteer tourism has expanded in recent decades, founded on non-monetary exchange. Under this structured approach, rather than acting as a passive consumer and paying for accommodation and food, the tourist contributes part of their time, expertise, and physical or intellectual [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/prisoners\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Prisoners Rights\">Prisoners Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Sina-Yousefi-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                <p>The extent to which a legal system adheres to the rule of law cannot be measured solely through criminal laws or court decisions; one of the most accurate measures of its assessment is the way in which individuals who are deprived of their liberty for any reason are treated. Contrary to popular belief, prison is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Majid-ShiaAli-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                                <p>Last July, events occurred in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad that have had little precedent in the history of this prison. The detainees of the protests of last January are still present in this prison in large numbers. Although the number of detainees has decreased from more than a thousand to about four hundred during this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Marziyeh-Mohebbi-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                                <p>What is solitary confinement, what are its conditions, is it essentially torture or punishment, and how does it debilitate a prisoner and cause his psyche to go into turmoil? How does loneliness and disconnection from the world destroy humanity, and why does the Islamic Republic, in its unparalleled and advanced set of physical and mental [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/religious-minorities\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Religious Minorities\">Religious Minorities<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/114-13-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Articles-Title-Image_681.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/114-13-en\/\">\n\n                                <p><\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/84-7-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/2358.png\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/84-7-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>This is a picture of a flower. Shiraz Tabrizi Sparkle Sufism, mysticism, asceticism, and some other names refer to a school of Islam that, based on the teachings of each chain of this school &#8211; which I will refer to as Sufism &#8211; believes in the different sects of Islam that the commandments of religion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/65-4-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/House-Church.jpeg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/65-4-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the arrests of Christians in Iran clearly shows that in recent years, Iranian government authorities have targeted the Christian community for suppression. Reports indicate that from May to August 2016, 79 Christian citizens were arrested and a large number of them were interrogated and sent to prison. It is believed that many arrests have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/right-to-life\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Right to Life\">Right to Life<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/derrida-and-the-issue-of-the-death-penalty-sovereignty-exception-violence-and-political-death-mustafa-ahmadian\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Mustafa-Ahmadian185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/derrida-and-the-issue-of-the-death-penalty-sovereignty-exception-violence-and-political-death-mustafa-ahmadian\/\">\n\n                                <p>Introduction: When the Law Arrives at Death Discussions of the death penalty usually begin from a point that the law has already determined: what constitutes a crime, what constitutes punishment, and in which cases the most severe punishment\u2014the deprivation of life\u2014may be applied. For this reason, a large part of the legal literature on the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/repression-and-execution-on-the-unforgivable-charge-of-espionage-morteza-hamounian\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Morteza-Hamounian-181.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/repression-and-execution-on-the-unforgivable-charge-of-espionage-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                <p>Each time, the government finds a new pretext to take human lives; a government that, throughout its existence, has shown that it places no value on the lives of citizens. The latest example became clear during the war between the United States and Israel and Iran, when it was revealed that for years, massive budgets [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/execution-in-the-name-of-security-intensification-of-the-crackdown-on-espionage-charges-in-iran-nafiseh-motlaq\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Nafiseh-Motlagh-181.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/execution-in-the-name-of-security-intensification-of-the-crackdown-on-espionage-charges-in-iran-nafiseh-motlaq\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the escalation of military tensions and attacks by the United States and Israel, the judicial process of dealing with charges of \u201cespionage\u201d and \u201ccollaboration with hostile states\u201d in Iran has entered a new phase. What is more controversial than the laws themselves is the way they are implemented: expedited proceedings, lack of transparency, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/unions-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Unions Rights\">Unions Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/criminal-liability-of-business-owners-for-customer-behavior-where-is-the-legal-boundary-sina-yousefi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Sina-Yousefi-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/criminal-liability-of-business-owners-for-customer-behavior-where-is-the-legal-boundary-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent years, one of the significant changes in the way social control policies are enforced in Iran has been the expansion of business owners\u2019 responsibility for the conduct of individuals who are neither their employees nor necessarily under their legal authority or supervision. The owner of a restaurant, caf\u00e9, gym, or tourism center, or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/violation-of-norms-ambiguous-name-broad-criminal-authority-eldar-khiawi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Eldar-Khiavi-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/violation-of-norms-ambiguous-name-broad-criminal-authority-eldar-khiawi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Introduction: Two Complementary Movements in the Language of Power In the official discourse of the Islamic Republic, \u201cnorm-breaking\u201d appears to be a simple term used to describe deviation from accepted social rules. But this sociological appearance conceals its political and criminal function. In part of the political discourse of recent years, the central instance of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-national-security-to-moral-security-the-new-stage-of-post-war-social-control-maryam-abedi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Maryam-Abedi-184.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-national-security-to-moral-security-the-new-stage-of-post-war-social-control-maryam-abedi\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent months, as the war has subsided, what has been seen on the streets, Instagram, and cyberspace is the return of the focus of governance from Iranian soil to the city; from the sealing of cafes and book cafes in Sana\u2019i and Iranshahr to the crackdown on tourist tours and the blocking of bloggers\u2019 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/women-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Women Rights\">Women Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Afrouz-Maghzi185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/twenty-years-later-what-did-the-one-million-signatures-campaign-change-afrooz-mozi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Question 1: Looking back from a distance of twenty years at August 27, 2006 (5 Shahrivar 1385), and the launch of the \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign,\u201d what is the greatest misconception in evaluating this movement, and where should its real achievement be sought? The greatest mistake is to measure the campaign\u2019s success or failure solely [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Aliyeh-Motallebzadeh185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/mandatory-hijab-and-the-boundaries-of-the-one-million-signatures-campaigns-demands-alia-motabalzadeh\/\">\n\n                                <p>I belong to a generation of women who have spent a large part of their lives in conflict with the Islamic Republic; not only in the streets, in prison, and in civil activism, but also in the media, in photographs and images, in those very places that the government, whenever it has deemed necessary, has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Azadeh-Davachi185.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-one-million-signatures-campaign-strategies-achievements-and-lasting-legacy-in-the-iranian-womens-civil-movement-azadeh-devachi\/\">\n\n                                <p>The \u201cOne Million Signatures Campaign to Change Discriminatory Laws\u201d (Change for Equality), launched in August 2006 (Mordad 1385) through the efforts of a group of women\u2019s rights activists, is regarded as one of the most prominent, cohesive, and influential collective actions in Iran\u2019s contemporary history. By adopting an issue-oriented approach and making use of social [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n        <!-- <div class=\"d-flex items-center category-section-end-logo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Logo-large.svg\" \/><\/div> -->\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div>\n    <div class=\"magazine-archive pt-555 px-80  pb-120 mt-120\">\n                <div class=\"item container\">\n          <!--  <div class=\"magazine-archive-top-text\">\n                <span>  Journal<\/span>\n            <\/div> -->\n            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between magazine-archive-heading-wrap\">\n                <div>\n                    <h2 class=\"magazine-archive-heading\">  Magazine archive<\/h2>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"lSAction-custom\"><a class=\"lSPrev-custom\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/left-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><a class=\"lSNext-custom\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/right-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <ul id=\"magazine-slider\" class=\"content-slider\">\n                                        <li>\n                            <div class=\"magazine-slide d-flex flex-col position-relative\">\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-heading d-flex items-center\">\n                                   <span>1<\/span>                                    <h3>Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 185<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cover_185.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/185.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a 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class=\"magazine-slide-heading d-flex items-center\">\n                                   <span>2<\/span>                                    <h3>Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 184<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Cover184.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/184.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/184.pdf\" download=\"Magazine_Archive.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"download-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Download-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        Download This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                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Magazine No. 182<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/cover_182.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/182.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/182.pdf\" download=\"Magazine_Archive.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"download-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Download-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        Download This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                 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target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/181.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/181.pdf\" download=\"Magazine_Archive.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"download-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Download-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    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          <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cover_180.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/180.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                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                     <div class=\"magazine-slide-heading d-flex items-center\">\n                                   <span>7<\/span>                                    <h3>Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 179<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/cover_179.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/179.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/179.pdf\" download=\"Magazine_Archive.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"download-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Download-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        Download This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-39823","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39823"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71216,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823\/revisions\/71216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}