{"id":39823,"date":"2024-04-27T19:00:26","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T19:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/35.85.16.36\/main-page\/"},"modified":"2024-07-17T07:49:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T07:49:17","slug":"main-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/","title":{"rendered":"Peace Line Monthly"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<div class=\"container pt-120 \">\n\n  <div class=\"writer-alider-section\">\n\n    <div class=\"writers-list\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"writer-heading\">\n            <h3>Writers<\/h3>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"writers d-flex flex-col custom-scrollbar\" id=\"writersScrollingDiv\">\n            <div id=\"ajax-load-more\" class=\"ajax-load-more-wrap infinite fading-circles\"  data-alm-id=\"\" data-canonical-url=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/\" data-slug=\"main-page\" data-post-id=\"39823\"  data-localized=\"ajax_load_more_vars\" data-alm-object=\"ajax_load_more\"><ul aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"alm-listing alm-ajax\" data-container-type=\"ul\" data-loading-style=\"infinite fading-circles\" data-repeater=\"default\" data-post-type=\"author\" data-order=\"DESC\" data-orderby=\"rand\" data-offset=\"0\" data-posts-per-page=\"10\" data-lang=\"en\" data-pause-override=\"true\" data-button-label=\"Load More\" data-prev-button-label=\"Load Previous\"><\/ul><div class=\"alm-btn-wrap\" data-rel=\"ajax-load-more\"><button class=\"alm-load-more-btn \" type=\"button\">Load More<\/button><\/div><\/div>        <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <div class=\"writer-slider-section \">\n\n      \n        <div id=\"slider\" dir='ltr'>\n\n          <div class=\"dp-wrap\">\n\n            <div id=\"dp-slider\">\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"1\" data-position=\"1\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/prison-inefficiency-in-the-country-interview-with-dr-najafi-tavana-former-head-of-the-central-bar-association-pedram-tahseni\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Pedram-Tahsini-183.jpg\" alt=\"Prison Inefficiency in the Country; Interview with Dr. Najafi Tavana, Former Head of the Central Bar Association\/Pedram Tahsini\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"2\" data-position=\"2\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/investigating-the-situation-of-imprisoned-women-interview-with-mohammad-hossein-aghasi-lawyer-ali-kalai\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Ali-Kalaei-183.jpg\" alt=\"Investigating the situation of imprisoned women; Interview with Mohammad Hossein Aghasi, lawyer\/Ali Kalaei\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"3\" data-position=\"3\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Sina-Yousefi-183.jpg\" alt=\"Prisoners&#8217; rights in international law; from global standards to the reality of Iranian prisons\/Sina Yousefi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"4\" data-position=\"4\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Majid-ShiaAli-183.jpg\" alt=\"Vakilabad, the Forgotten Prison\/ Majid Shia&#8217;ali\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"5\" data-position=\"5\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Marziyeh-Mohebbi-183.jpg\" alt=\"Solitary cell: A place to break a person\/ Marziye Mohebbi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"6\" data-position=\"6\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/diako-Moraadi-183.jpg\" alt=\"Death in Custody and State Responsibility\/ Diako Moradi\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n                  <div class=\"dp_item\" data-class=\"7\" data-position=\"7\">\n\n                    <div class=\"dp-img\">\n\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/society-and-national-security-rethinking-the-social-foundations-of-security-in-iran-mina-javani\/\">\n\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mina-Javani-183.jpg\" alt=\"Society and National Security: Rethinking the Social Foundations of Security in Iran\/ Mina Javani\">\n\n                      <\/a>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                  <\/div>\n\n              \n            <\/div>\n\n\n\n            <span id=\"dp-next\">\n\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/right-slider-arrow.svg\" \/>\n\n            <\/span>\n\n\n\n            <span id=\"dp-prev\">\n\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/left-slider-arrow.svg\" \/>\n\n            <\/span>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n      \n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"1\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/society-and-national-security-rethinking-the-social-foundations-of-security-in-iran-mina-javani\/\">\n\n                <h3>Society and National Security: Rethinking the Social Foundations of Security in Iran\/ Mina Javani<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>In periods of heightened external threats, the concept of national security naturally becomes the focus of public policymaking. In such circumstances, the expansion of state authority, the strengthening of security institutions, and the restriction of certain civil liberties are often justified by invoking the \u201cnecessity of security.\u201d This logic is based on the assumption that [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/society-and-national-security-rethinking-the-social-foundations-of-security-in-iran-mina-javani\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"2\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/\">\n\n                <h3>Death in Custody and State Responsibility\/ Diako Moradi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Deaths in custody are among the most sensitive issues in international human rights law and one of the most significant indicators for assessing a state&#8217;s commitment to the rule of law. When an individual is deprived of liberty, the state assumes not only the authority to restrict that person&#8217;s freedom but also the direct responsibility [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"3\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                <h3>Solitary cell: A place to break a person\/ Marziye Mohebbi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>What is solitary confinement, what are its conditions, is it essentially torture or punishment, and how does it debilitate a prisoner and cause his psyche to go into turmoil? How does loneliness and disconnection from the world destroy humanity, and why does the Islamic Republic, in its unparalleled and advanced set of physical and mental [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"4\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                <h3>Vakilabad, the Forgotten Prison\/ Majid Shia&#8217;ali<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Last July, events occurred in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad that have had little precedent in the history of this prison. The detainees of the protests of last January are still present in this prison in large numbers. Although the number of detainees has decreased from more than a thousand to about four hundred during this [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"5\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                <h3>Prisoners&#8217; rights in international law; from global standards to the reality of Iranian prisons\/Sina Yousefi<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>The extent to which a legal system adheres to the rule of law cannot be measured solely through criminal laws or court decisions; one of the most accurate measures of its assessment is the way in which individuals who are deprived of their liberty for any reason are treated. Contrary to popular belief, prison is [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"6\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/investigating-the-situation-of-imprisoned-women-interview-with-mohammad-hossein-aghasi-lawyer-ali-kalai\/\">\n\n                <h3>Investigating the situation of imprisoned women; Interview with Mohammad Hossein Aghasi, lawyer\/Ali Kalaei<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Reports over the years have revealed that some women prisoners are denied medical treatment and other legal rights. The continued publication of these reports highlights the gap between prison regulations and their practice, raising the question of to what extent human rights standards, including the Bangkok Rules, are being observed in Iran, and whether the [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/investigating-the-situation-of-imprisoned-women-interview-with-mohammad-hossein-aghasi-lawyer-ali-kalai\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n          <div class=\"post-section-below-slider\" data-section-class=\"7\">\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-content\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/prison-inefficiency-in-the-country-interview-with-dr-najafi-tavana-former-head-of-the-central-bar-association-pedram-tahseni\/\">\n\n                <h3>Prison Inefficiency in the Country; Interview with Dr. Najafi Tavana, Former Head of the Central Bar Association\/Pedram Tahsini<\/h3>\n\n              <\/a>\n\n              <p>Ali Najafi Tavana was born in 1953 in the Alamut region of Qazvin. He completed his primary education in Tonekabon and completed his secondary education at Hafeziyeh High School in the same city. In 1972, he entered the Faculty of Law of the University of Tehran and in 1975, he obtained a Bachelor of Laws [&hellip;]\n              <\/p>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/conversation\/prison-inefficiency-in-the-country-interview-with-dr-najafi-tavana-former-head-of-the-central-bar-association-pedram-tahseni\/\">\n\n              Read More\n            <\/a>\n\n            <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-footer-wrap d-flex justify-content-space-between\">\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-author\">\n\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                Created By:\n                Editor\n              <\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"post-section-below-slider-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n          <\/div>\n\n      \n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pt-120 recent-articles-heading aos-init aos-animate\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n\n    \n    <h3>Recent Posts<\/h3>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"container pb-120 recent-articles-wrap\">\n\n    <div class=\"recent-articles \">\n\n\n        <div class=\"item\">\n            <div class=\"lSAction-custom-articles\"><a class=\"lSPrev-custom-article\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/left-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><a class=\"lSNext-custom-article\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/right-slider-arrow.svg\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n            <ul id=\"content-slider\" class=\"content-slider\">\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Sina-Yousefi-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Prisoners&#8217; rights in international law; from global standards to the reality of Iranian prisons\/Sina Yousefi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>The extent to which a legal system adheres to the rule of law cannot be measured solely through criminal laws&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Sina Yousefi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Majid-ShiaAli-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Vakilabad, the Forgotten Prison\/ Majid Shia&#8217;ali<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Last July, events occurred in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad that have had little precedent in the history of this prison.&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Majid Shia&#8217;ali\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Marziyeh-Mohebbi-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Solitary cell: A place to break a person\/ Marziye Mohebbi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>What is solitary confinement, what are its conditions, is it essentially torture or punishment, and how does it debilitate a&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Marziye Mohebbi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Lohrasb-Khouhestani-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/fair-trial-from-arrest-to-trial-lohrasb-kohistani\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/fair-trial-from-arrest-to-trial-lohrasb-kohistani\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Fair trial from arrest to trial\/ Lohrasb Kouhestani<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>The interval between the moment of arrest and the day of trial is the most sensitive, critical, and at the&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/fair-trial-from-arrest-to-trial-lohrasb-kohistani\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Lohrasb Kouhestani\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Morteza-Hamounian-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/law-and-violence-behind-prison-walls-morteza-hamounian\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/law-and-violence-behind-prison-walls-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Law and Violence Behind Prison Walls\/ Morteza Hamounian<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>It is no longer strange for officers to shoot at people in the streets and in the face of public&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/law-and-violence-behind-prison-walls-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Morteza Hamounian\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Shabnam-Moeinipour-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/why-is-independent-monitoring-part-of-the-minimum-standards-for-the-treatment-of-prisoners-shabnam-moeinipour\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/why-is-independent-monitoring-part-of-the-minimum-standards-for-the-treatment-of-prisoners-shabnam-moeinipour\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Why Independent Monitoring Is Part of the Minimum Standards for the Treatment of Prisoners\/ Shabnam Moinipour<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>When prison doors close, the state does more than deprive a person of liberty. Water, food, medication, sleep, light, contact&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/why-is-independent-monitoring-part-of-the-minimum-standards-for-the-treatment-of-prisoners-shabnam-moeinipour\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Shabnam Moinipour\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Maryam-Abedi-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/bangkok-rules-and-women-prisoners-in-iran-maryam-abedi\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/bangkok-rules-and-women-prisoners-in-iran-maryam-abedi\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Bangkok Rules and Women Prisoners in Iran\/ Maryam Abedi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>The protection of human dignity is a fundamental principle of international human rights law and the basis for the treatment&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/bangkok-rules-and-women-prisoners-in-iran-maryam-abedi\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Maryam Abedi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n                        <li>\n\n                            <div class=\"recent-post-slide d-flex flex-col\">\n\n                                \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/diako-Moraadi-183.jpg\" onclick=\"window.location.href='https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/'\"\/>\n\n                                \n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/\">\n\n                                <h3>Death in Custody and State Responsibility\/ Diako Moradi<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <p>Deaths in custody are among the most sensitive issues in international human rights law and one of the most significant&hellip;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n                                <a class=\"read_more_button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/183-6\/\">\n\n                                    <h3>Read More<\/h3>\n\n                                <\/a>\n\n\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between top-16\">\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts d-flex items-center\">\n\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/avatar-author.svg\" \/>\n\n                                    Created By:\n                                    Diako Moradi\n                                <\/div>\n\n                                <div class=\"post-section-below-recent-posts-date-posted d-flex items-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Calender.svg\" \/> July 23, 2026<\/div>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                        <\/li>\n\n                \n            <\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pdf-viewer-container pt-120 aos-init aos-animate full-width-container\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n    <h3 class=\"pdf-viewer-book-title\"> Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 183<\/h3>\n        <div id=\"flipbookContainer\">\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        <div id=\"pdf-element\" data-latest-pdf-issue=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/183.pdf\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"full-width-container books-section-container\">\r\n        <div class=\"books-section container\">\r\n        <ul id=\"books-slider\" class=\"content-slider\">\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/\">book introduction<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Book-173-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/173-1-2\/\">Book introduction: I am a common pain.<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Book-169.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/169-1-2\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Book Introduction: &#8220;Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other&#8221; by Sherry Turkle<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Book-167.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/book\/167-2\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Book Introduction: &#8220;Aristocratic Management&#8221;<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/\">Pictures<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1403-RGB-scaled-2.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/the-1403-hijri-shamsi-calendar-dedicated-to-the-audience-of-the-peace-line-2-en\/\">The 1403 Hijri Shamsi calendar dedicated to the audience of the peace line.<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Parvandeh-e1716383339968.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/sample-street-activities-in-support-of-human-rights-in-iran-2-en\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Sample street activities in support of human rights in Iran<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Axe-Maah-2.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/pictures\/monthly-newsletter-peace-line-at-the-central-library-of-skellestona-city-sweden-2-en\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Monthly Newsletter \u200c Peace Line at the Central Library of Skellestona City, Sweden<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                                <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/\">Selected art<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Cartoon183.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/minimum-standard-for-treating-prisoners-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari\/\">Minimum Standard for Treating Prisoners; A work by Motaharah Jafari<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Cartoon182.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/in-memory-of-the-children-who-died-at-minab-school-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari-2\/\">\r\n                                                <p>In memory of the children who died at Minab School; a work by Motaharah Jafari<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Cartoon181.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/cartoon\/under-the-title-of-espionage-a-work-by-motaharah-jafari\/\">\r\n                                                <p>Under the Charge of Espionage; by Motahareh Jafari<\/p>\r\n                                            <\/a>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                            <li>\r\n                    <div class=\"books-section-main d-flex flex-col\">\r\n                                                            <h2><a style=\"color:#f17c1d\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/faces\/\">Faces<\/a><\/h2>\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/watermark-242x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                    <h3><a class='no-events' href=\"\">Dr. Hassan Mohaddesi Gilani<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1397092118560232816122964-250x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <a class='no-events' href=\"\">\r\n                                            <p>Amir Mahmoud Harirchi<\/p>\r\n                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                                    <div class=\"books-inner-section d-flex\">\r\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/pr-jalal-271x300-1.jpg\" \/>\r\n                                        <a class='no-events' href=\"\">\r\n                                            <p>Jalal Jalalizadeh<\/p>\r\n                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/li>\r\n                    <\/ul>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"container pt-120 aos-init aos-animate\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n\n    <div class=\"category-section\">\n\n        \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/academic-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Academic Rights\">Academic Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-13-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Amir-Aghaei-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-13-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>If you flip through any glossary of specialized terminology, you won\u2019t find the term \u201cclass-based internet\u201d or a precise definition of it. However, by implementing this project over the past 20 years, the rulers of the Islamic Republic have compelled Iranian internet users to adopt a term to describe it. Class-based internet refers to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%85%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Majid-ShieAli162.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%af%d9%85%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b3-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The Iranian Parliament Research Center recently published a study indicating that nearly 55% of students ranked in the top 3,000 in the national university entrance exam come from the top two economic deciles. The study warns that access to higher education in Iran, both in terms of quantity and quality, is significantly unequal. One major [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/161-20\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Nafiseh-Sharaf161.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/161-20\/\">\n\n                                <p>During the Mihssa Movement, universities in Iran were one of the main strongholds where the cry of &#8220;Women, Life, Freedom&#8221; was raised by students and professors. The demands of this section of the scientific community were completely in line with the demands of the people; demands that led thousands of people to take to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/childrens-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Childrens Rights\">Childrens Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/retelling-the-tragedy-of-minab-elementary-school-through-the-eyes-of-witnesses-pardis-parsa\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Pardis-Parsa-182.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/retelling-the-tragedy-of-minab-elementary-school-through-the-eyes-of-witnesses-pardis-parsa\/\">\n\n                                <p>In the first hours of the military operation known as \u201cEpic Wrath,\u201d which began on February 28, 2026 (9 Esfand 1404), a series of air and missile strikes targeted various infrastructures across Iran. Meanwhile, Minab County in Hormozgan Province, due to its strategic proximity to logistical and military infrastructure, became one of the main centers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/child-soldiers-a-long-lasting-tradition-in-the-islamic-republic-government-morteza-hamounian\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Morteza-Hamounian180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/child-soldiers-a-long-lasting-tradition-in-the-islamic-republic-government-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                <p>Children are among the first victims of war; whether they are present in war themselves or killed as a result of an act of war; whether they are armed and fire in one direction, or are not present in war and are killed or wounded in its turmoil. Even merely witnessing the catastrophe of war [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-child-left-between-rape-and-revenge-fereshte-goli\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Fereshteh-Goli-176.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-child-left-between-rape-and-revenge-fereshte-goli\/\">\n\n                                <p>Lost in the chaos of Iranian news, a story with catastrophic depth was the story of an old man raping a boy in Tabriz, which led to personal revenge by the boy&#8217;s family, who sent the old man to the hospital and into surgery; revenge whose instrument was a wooden sofa leg. In this note, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/cultural-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Cultural Rights\">Cultural Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/177-8-3\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Navid-Mihandoust-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/177-8-3\/\">\n\n                                <p>Over its 44-year history, the Fajr Film Festival has gone through different periods which, based on the documented record of this state-run festival, I divide into three main eras: 1) the era of enmity and camaraderie; 2) the era of misery; 3) the era of disgrace. The first era began in February 1983 (Bahman 1361). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-2-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Mina-Javani174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-2-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Iran\u2019s underground cinema, as a semi-independent and often marginal sector of the country\u2019s film production, has consistently navigated the intersection of legal restrictions, cultural pressures, and media representations. These films, produced outside the official mechanisms of Iranian cinema, not only provide a platform for expressing real social and ecological experiences, but also serve as vehicles [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/172-5-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/37-1.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/172-5-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In the heart of the night, the sound of sirens passes through the sleeping cities. The sky is on fire, walls tremble, and the silence of homes is shattered. War, this merciless word, has once again awakened from the slumber of history and cast its shadow over the lives of humans. But amidst the ruins, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/ethnic-minorities\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Ethnic Minorities\">Ethnic Minorities<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-8-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Kourosh-Zeyghami-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-8-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-14-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ShirAhmad-166.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-14-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Makran is a region in southeastern Iran that extends from the Strait of Hormuz to the east and begins at Minab, continuing to the Sindh River in Balochistan, Pakistan. This region is of special importance due to its geopolitical location and is recognized as an international waterway. Makran holds strategic value for both Iran and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-11-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mohsen-BorhanZehi-166.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/166-11-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>A while ago, the government spokesperson announced that the medical government intends to relocate the capital from Tehran to the Makran region and this matter is under consideration. (1) Many countries throughout history have changed their capitals for various reasons, the main reason being the increase in population in the capital and balanced development in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/freedom-of-thought-and-expression\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Freedom of thought and expression\">Freedom of thought and expression<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/society-and-national-security-rethinking-the-social-foundations-of-security-in-iran-mina-javani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Mina-Javani-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/society-and-national-security-rethinking-the-social-foundations-of-security-in-iran-mina-javani\/\">\n\n                                <p>In periods of heightened external threats, the concept of national security naturally becomes the focus of public policymaking. In such circumstances, the expansion of state authority, the strengthening of security institutions, and the restriction of certain civil liberties are often justified by invoking the \u201cnecessity of security.\u201d This logic is based on the assumption that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/civil-society-in-a-state-of-neither-war-nor-peace-an-analysis-of-a-historical-suspension-mina-jawani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Mina-Javani-182.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/civil-society-in-a-state-of-neither-war-nor-peace-an-analysis-of-a-historical-suspension-mina-jawani\/\">\n\n                                <p>At important historical moments, what changes more than anything else is not only political and economic structures, but the way time itself is experienced. In such moments, societies no longer move along the ordinary continuum of past and future; rather, they become trapped in a kind of prolonged and suspended present. A major event has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-the-crime-of-espionage-to-the-criminalization-of-intent-to-collaborate-maryam-abedi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Maryam-Abedi-181.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-the-crime-of-espionage-to-the-criminalization-of-intent-to-collaborate-maryam-abedi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Crimes against national security have always been regarded among the most sensitive and severe areas of criminal law. In all legal systems, governments consider the protection of secrets, classified information, vital facilities, and security structures to be among the fundamental elements of their political and sovereign survival. For this reason, espionage is recognized as one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/gender-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Gender Rights\">Gender Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Rezvaneh-Mohammadi-150.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Narrative literature in Iran has been tangled with the perspective of the majority and their definition of voices and narratives that are of interest to the general society. As a result, communities or individuals who are not considered part of this majority have no place in the literary scene. Marginalized communities in any country not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/127-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Hirad-Ariafar127.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/127-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Sexual harassment in the workplace is a dangerous threat that can lead to a decrease in personal and professional quality of life, jeopardize the well-being of both men and women, weaken gender equality, and impose costs on companies and organizations. In recent years, movements around the world have formed to draw more attention to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/123-9-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/ansari123.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/123-9-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Migration is a phenomenon that has a long history in human culture and history, especially among Iranians (the pioneers of migration literature in Iran, such as famous writers like Bozorg Alavi and Sadeq Hedayat). By examining all aspects of it, it is clear that the motivations for [forced] migration in recent years have been more [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/health\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Health\">Health<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Musa-Barzin-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\">\n\n                                <p>During the recent protests, we witnessed many bitter incidents and extra-legal actions in Iran. One of these cases was the restriction of treatment for protesters in various forms. According to reports published from the very first days of the protests, police and security forces attacked hospitals where injured protesters had been taken, creating heartbreaking scenes. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/womens-health-between-population-policy-and-class-inequality-dina-ghalibaf\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Dina-Ghalibaf-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/womens-health-between-population-policy-and-class-inequality-dina-ghalibaf\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the sudden and quiet removal of the Iranian \u201cPapilloguard\u201d vaccine from pharmacies across the country, women who had been awaiting national vaccination to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been forced to turn to foreign vaccines at prices several times higher\u2014vaccines whose cost is incompatible with the economic circumstances of many women. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/162-4-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Elahe-Amani162.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/162-4-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The feminization of aging has presented major challenges for the global community, and Iran is no exception. While other countries have adopted effective strategies to address the feminization of aging and manage this crisis, in Iran, this crisis reveals its grim face in the increasing number of elderly people &#8220;abandoned&#8221; in parks, streets, and addiction [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/health-and-environment\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Health and Environment\">Health and Environment<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/air-pollution-as-a-social-crisis-mina-jawani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Mina-Javani-176.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/air-pollution-as-a-social-crisis-mina-jawani\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most persistent and complex environmental and social challenges in Iran\u2019s major cities; a challenge that, although seemingly an environmental and public health issue, functions far beyond an ecological crisis in sociological analysis. Today, air pollution has emerged as a \u201cfull-fledged social phenomenon\u201d; a phenomenon in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-2-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Nik-Ahang-175.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/175-2-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>Perhaps no object better illustrates water governance and management in Iran than the \u201caftabeh\u201d (watering can). It is unclear exactly to which monarch\u2019s era the historical origins of the aftabeh go back, but the mere mention of it brings to mind, for many, the image of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini\u2014a photo taken months before his return [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/169-13-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Sara-Ghanavati-169.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/169-13-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In the past weeks, one of the main ports of the country suffered heavy consequences. On April 26, 2025, a terrible explosion occurred in the container area of Bandar-e-Jask port, which according to the latest reports, resulted in the death of over 50 people and injuries of more than 1000 people. The source of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/labour-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Labour Rights\">Labour Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-impact-of-war-conditions-on-labor-and-livelihood-rights-in-iran-ahmad-alavi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ahmad-Alavi180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-impact-of-war-conditions-on-labor-and-livelihood-rights-in-iran-ahmad-alavi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Wars in the modern economy are no longer merely military events; rather, they are multidimensional phenomena that simultaneously affect economic, social, and institutional structures. In the case of present-day Iran, in the year 2026 (1405), this characteristic is clearly observable, where the economy had already been facing chronic imbalances and war has acted as an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-12-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Amir-JavadiL174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-12-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent years, the condition of pension funds\u2014especially the Cultural Workers Reserve Fund and the performance of the Social Security Organization\u2014has attracted the attention of many researchers, social activists, and fund members. The importance of this issue is evident not only in theory but also in practice, as its crisis-inducing consequences directly and significantly impact [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-11-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Sina-Yousefi174.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/174-11-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>In recent decades, the country&#8217;s pension funds\u2014especially the Civil Servants Pension Fund, the Social Security Organization, and the Armed Forces Pension Fund\u2014have faced a deep structural crisis. This crisis stems from chronic imbalance between resources and expenditures, unprofessional policymaking, and weak corporate governance in managing these institutions. The share of public budget contributions to cover [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/muslim-minorites\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Muslim Minorites\">Muslim Minorites<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/165-4-2\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Mostafa-Ahmadian-165.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/165-4-2\/\">\n\n                                <p>The essence of qisas (retributive justice) has long been based on a natural law: &#8220;You kill, you are killed; an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.&#8221; This well-known principle existed long before the emergence of Abrahamic religions. Historical stone carvings\u2014including the Code of Hammurabi, which dates back to 1800 BCE and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/152-6-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mehrak-Kamali-152.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/152-6-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>When I was reading the novel &#8220;Thursday Train&#8221; (1) by Anisa Dehghani, I came across a strange question: &#8220;It is possible to endure pain that is unique to you, but how can you endure pain that you must share with someone else?&#8221; &#8220;Thursday Train&#8221; delves into the lives of Iranians in the years after the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Rezvaneh-Mohammadi-150.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/150-11-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Narrative literature in Iran has been tangled with the perspective of the majority and their definition of voices and narratives that are of interest to the general society. As a result, communities or individuals who are not considered part of this majority have no place in the literary scene. Marginalized communities in any country not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/others\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Others\">Others<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/is-it-possible-to-live-a-good-life-in-an-unjust-world-samira-hanaei\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Samireh-Hanaei-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/is-it-possible-to-live-a-good-life-in-an-unjust-world-samira-hanaei\/\">\n\n                                <p>The world has once again become accustomed to war. Images of destruction, displacement and death flash before our eyes every day; so much so that we sometimes forget that behind every image, there was a human being. However, not all victims are seen equally. For some deaths, official ceremonies are held, the media writes about [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/dual-use-infrastructure-in-armed-conflicts-from-the-perspective-of-international-law-sina-yousefi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Sina-Yousefi-182.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/dual-use-infrastructure-in-armed-conflicts-from-the-perspective-of-international-law-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Before the recent war between Iran on one side and Israel and the United States on the other, the term \u201cdual-use infrastructure\u201d was mainly used in the specialized literature of the law of armed conflict and strategic studies. But with the expansion of the scope of military operations and attacks on facilities that appear civilian [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/dual-purpose-research-institutions-science-or-weapons-diako-moradi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Diako-Moradi-182.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/dual-purpose-research-institutions-science-or-weapons-diako-moradi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Technological developments in recent decades have made the boundary between military and civilian objectives more ambiguous than ever. Universities, research centers, biomedical institutions, data networks, and communications infrastructure, while having civilian functions, can in some cases play a direct or indirect role in states\u2019 defense capabilities. This situation has transformed the concept of \u201cdual-use\u201d from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/prisoners\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Prisoners Rights\">Prisoners Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Sina-Yousefi-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/prisoners-rights-in-international-law-from-global-standards-to-the-reality-of-iranian-prisons-sina-yousefi\/\">\n\n                                <p>The extent to which a legal system adheres to the rule of law cannot be measured solely through criminal laws or court decisions; one of the most accurate measures of its assessment is the way in which individuals who are deprived of their liberty for any reason are treated. Contrary to popular belief, prison is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Majid-ShiaAli-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/vakilabad-the-forgotten-prison-majid-shiaali\/\">\n\n                                <p>Last July, events occurred in Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad that have had little precedent in the history of this prison. The detainees of the protests of last January are still present in this prison in large numbers. Although the number of detainees has decreased from more than a thousand to about four hundred during this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Marziyeh-Mohebbi-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/solitary-cell-a-place-to-break-a-person-marzieh-mohebi\/\">\n\n                                <p>What is solitary confinement, what are its conditions, is it essentially torture or punishment, and how does it debilitate a prisoner and cause his psyche to go into turmoil? How does loneliness and disconnection from the world destroy humanity, and why does the Islamic Republic, in its unparalleled and advanced set of physical and mental [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/religious-minorities\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Religious Minorities\">Religious Minorities<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/114-13-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Articles-Title-Image_681.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/114-13-en\/\">\n\n                                <p><\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/84-7-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/2358.png\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/84-7-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>This is a picture of a flower. Shiraz Tabrizi Sparkle Sufism, mysticism, asceticism, and some other names refer to a school of Islam that, based on the teachings of each chain of this school &#8211; which I will refer to as Sufism &#8211; believes in the different sects of Islam that the commandments of religion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/65-4-en\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/House-Church.jpeg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/65-4-en\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the arrests of Christians in Iran clearly shows that in recent years, Iranian government authorities have targeted the Christian community for suppression. Reports indicate that from May to August 2016, 79 Christian citizens were arrested and a large number of them were interrogated and sent to prison. It is believed that many arrests have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/right-to-life\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Right to Life\">Right to Life<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/repression-and-execution-on-the-unforgivable-charge-of-espionage-morteza-hamounian\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Morteza-Hamounian-181.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/repression-and-execution-on-the-unforgivable-charge-of-espionage-morteza-hamounian\/\">\n\n                                <p>Each time, the government finds a new pretext to take human lives; a government that, throughout its existence, has shown that it places no value on the lives of citizens. The latest example became clear during the war between the United States and Israel and Iran, when it was revealed that for years, massive budgets [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/execution-in-the-name-of-security-intensification-of-the-crackdown-on-espionage-charges-in-iran-nafiseh-motlaq\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Nafiseh-Motlagh-181.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/execution-in-the-name-of-security-intensification-of-the-crackdown-on-espionage-charges-in-iran-nafiseh-motlaq\/\">\n\n                                <p>Following the escalation of military tensions and attacks by the United States and Israel, the judicial process of dealing with charges of \u201cespionage\u201d and \u201ccollaboration with hostile states\u201d in Iran has entered a new phase. What is more controversial than the laws themselves is the way they are implemented: expedited proceedings, lack of transparency, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/swift-punishments-and-executions-in-a-wartime-environment-hermine-hordad\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Harmineh-Hourdad180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/swift-punishments-and-executions-in-a-wartime-environment-hermine-hordad\/\">\n\n                                <p>To understand the mechanisms of power in the Islamic Republic, no point is as significant as execution, because in this system execution is not merely a judicial punishment, but a political instrument for producing fear, silencing dissent, and pushing society toward silence and marginalization. Each time the Islamic Republic has faced crisis, war, or instability, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/unions-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Unions Rights\">Unions Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/cafe-lamiz-and-the-economy-of-repression-in-the-shadow-of-war-behzad-ahmadinia\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Behzad-Ahmadinia180.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/cafe-lamiz-and-the-economy-of-repression-in-the-shadow-of-war-behzad-ahmadinia\/\">\n\n                                <p>The ugliest\u2014and perhaps most familiar\u2014face of human society is \u201cwar.\u201d This can be read between the lines of the book An Introduction to Polemology by Gaston Bouthoul. In this work, he explains how no law, treaty, or prohibition can stand against war. In a case study, the book describes the international restrictions and global pressures [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-the-rule-of-law-to-the-state-of-confiscation-sara-qureshi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Sara-Ghoreyshi-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/from-the-rule-of-law-to-the-state-of-confiscation-sara-qureshi\/\">\n\n                                <p>Introduction: Terminological explanation In this article, the concept of the general power of the state is consciously used, not political sovereignty. This choice of language is not accidental. The state here is not simply the construction of political power, but an institution that, in the logic of public law, is responsible for implementing the law, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Musa-Barzin-177-8.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/the-right-to-treatment-under-security-fire-musa-barzin\/\">\n\n                                <p>During the recent protests, we witnessed many bitter incidents and extra-legal actions in Iran. One of these cases was the restriction of treatment for protesters in various forms. According to reports published from the very first days of the protests, police and security forces attacked hospitals where injured protesters had been taken, creating heartbreaking scenes. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <div class=\"category-items\">\n\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/category\/subcategories\/women-rights\/\">  <h2 class=\"single-line-heading\" title=\"Women Rights\">Women Rights<\/h2><\/a>\n\n                \n\n                <div class=\"d-flex flex-col gap-20 category-inner-section-container\">\n\n                    \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/bangkok-rules-and-women-prisoners-in-iran-maryam-abedi\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Maryam-Abedi-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/bangkok-rules-and-women-prisoners-in-iran-maryam-abedi\/\">\n\n                                <p>The protection of human dignity is a fundamental principle of international human rights law and the basis for the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty. Deprivation of liberty refers solely to the deprivation of freedom of movement, and states are still obliged to guarantee the fundamental rights of prisoners, including the right to health, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/motherhood-under-the-burden-of-autism-pardis-parsa\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Pardis-Parsa-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/motherhood-under-the-burden-of-autism-pardis-parsa\/\">\n\n                                <p>Early parent-child interactions form the foundation for a child\u2019s psychosocial development in the context of society. However, exposure to a neurodevelopmental disorder in a child presents fundamental challenges to this cognitive structure and preconceived parenting goals. Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction, verbal and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            <div class=\"category-inner-section d-flex items-center\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n                               <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/how-do-women-pay-the-highest-price-for-economic-crisis-and-war-elahe-amani\/\"> \n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Elahe-Amani-183.jpg\" \/>\n\n                                \n                                <\/a>\n\n                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/articles\/how-do-women-pay-the-highest-price-for-economic-crisis-and-war-elahe-amani\/\">\n\n                                <p>War fundamentally transforms the labor market by destroying infrastructure, massive population displacement, collapsing economic activity, disrupting education and health systems, and rupturing social networks. Although the consequences of war affect all segments of society, its economic effects on women are deeper and more lasting, as women not only face reduced job opportunities, income, and economic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n\n                               <\/a>\n\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n        <!-- <div class=\"d-flex items-center category-section-end-logo\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Logo-large.svg\" \/><\/div> -->\n\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div>\n    <div class=\"magazine-archive pt-555 px-80  pb-120 mt-120\">\n                <div class=\"item container\">\n          <!--  <div class=\"magazine-archive-top-text\">\n                <span>  Journal<\/span>\n            <\/div> -->\n            <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-space-between magazine-archive-heading-wrap\">\n                <div>\n                   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class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/cover_183.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/183.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                         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                      <div class=\"magazine-slide d-flex flex-col position-relative\">\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-heading d-flex items-center\">\n                                   <span>2<\/span>                                    <h3>Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 182<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/cover_182.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/182.pdf\">\n               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src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/cover_181.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/181.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                                            <a 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class=\"magazine-slide-heading d-flex items-center\">\n                                   <span>4<\/span>                                    <h3>Peace Line Monthly Magazine No. 180<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cover_180.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/180.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" 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Magazine No. 177-178<\/h3>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"magazine-slide-image\">\n                                                                            <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/177-Cover.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/177.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                      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    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"magazine-slide-image-item\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/cover_175.jpg\" alt=\"Magazine Image\" \/>\n                                                                        <div class=\"overlay\">\n                                        <div class=\"overlay-buttons\">\n                                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/175.pdf\">\n                                                <div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"view-image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/View-icon.svg\" \/>\n                                                    <span>\n                                                        View This Archive                                                    <\/span>\n                                                <\/div>\n                                            <\/a>\n                      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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-39823","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39823"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71216,"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39823\/revisions\/71216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.peace-mark.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}