The tense developments and the war of the United States and Israel with Iran have brought about noticeable changes in the country’s domestic environment. These changes have not been limited merely to the security and political spheres, but their effects are also clearly observable in the legal and judicial arena. Reports have emerged of the […]...

In a situation where reports of the use of individuals under 18 at checkpoints are being published, this question becomes increasingly important as to how such actions are evaluated within the framework of international law and the obligations of states. Examining this issue is important not only from a legal perspective, but also from a […]...

With the escalation of military tensions and the expansion of conflicts between Iran, Israel, and the United States, the situation of prisons—particularly political prisoners—has become increasingly shrouded in uncertainty. At a time when public opinion and media attention are largely focused on battlefield developments and the geopolitical consequences of war, the condition of prisoners and […]...

Following the recent military attacks by the United States and Israel on Iran, the human and infrastructural consequences of war have once again come into focus. Although media attention has largely been directed toward the military dimensions and the direct casualties of these conflicts, the reality is that the deeper and more enduring effects of […]...

The January 1404 protests were the bloodiest protests in Iran’s contemporary history, resulting in the deaths of thousands of people and leaving profound human, social, and legal consequences. In addition to its catastrophic human dimensions, this event also presented the country’s legal and judicial order with unprecedented challenges; challenges in which the boundary between “maintaining […]...

The protests of January 1404, which resulted in the deaths of thousands of protesters and the widespread use of violence by security agencies, have been described by many as the bloodiest protests in the contemporary history of Iran and the world. The consequences of these protests were not limited to the streets and mass arrests, […]...

The case of the murder of a doctor in Yasouj, the grand funeral of the convicted killer after his public execution, the participation of a local preacher in the ceremony, and ultimately the presence of a member of parliament at the home of the executed man to offer condolences have raised serious questions in the […]...

Ali Najafi Tavana was born in 1953 (1332) in the Alamut region of Qazvin. He completed his primary education in Tonekabon and graduated from Hafeziyeh High School in the same city. In 1972 (1351), he was admitted to the Faculty of Law at the University of Tehran, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in judicial […]...

In Iran today, inequality is no longer limited to the gap in income or lifestyle, but rather this inequality and class differences have taken on new dimensions and found new practices. The question is: how have these gaps formed and in what direction are they taking Iranian society? Are we still faced with traditional patterns […]...

Alireza Rahimi is a university professor and education expert. Since 1986, he has been teaching in schools (from elementary to high school), higher education institutions, universities, and numerous educational courses and workshops. At the same time, he has been engaged in research, writing articles, and authoring books in the field of education. The result of […]...